BUILDNING MATERIALS :

REINFORCING STEEL
 TYPES OF STEEL
 Steel is an alloy of ferrous metal with 0.25 to 1.5
percent of carbon. Higher the carbon content,
harder is the steel.

 Steel is an intermediate form between cast iron and

wrought iron.

 Steel bars of circular cross sections are mainly used as

reinforcement to strengthen concrete structures.

There are three types of reinforcing steel:

1. Mild steel

2.High Yield Strength Deformed bars (HYSD)/TOR steel

3. High tensile steel.

 MILD STEEL
 It contains carbon upto 0.23 to 0.25%.

 Higher value is permitted for bars of 20 mm and above

diameter.

 It is available in diameters of 6, 10, 12, 16, 20, 25 and 32

mm.

 Its yield strength is 250 N/mm2 and young’s modulus

2 × 105 N/mm2.
 USES OF MILD STEEL
 Mild steel is used as distribution steel in R.C.C members.
 Mild steel is used as rolled structural sections like I-
section, T-section, channel section, angle iron, plates;
round and square rods in construction work.
 Plain and corrugated sheets of mild steel are used as roof
coverings, partitions.
 Mild steel is also used in the manufacture of various tools
and equipments, machine parts, towers and industrial
buildings etc.
 USES OF MILD STEEL
 It is used as window bars, for grills and for making steel
gates.
 It is used for miscellaneous metallic items like springs
nuts, bolts, nails, rivets, wire ropes, etc.
 It is used for tanks, pipes, boiler plates, tubes, castings,
forging, stamping and ships.
 It is used for balustrades of stairs, grills, doors and
windows.
 It is used for water supply and sanitary fittings.
 It is used for pile sections, rails etc.
 HYSD BARS OR TOR STEEL
 Certain special type of bars having slight projections or
helical ribs on their surface, are called Tor Steel or
Deformed Bars
 These bars are provided with ribs deformation on surface
so that bond between concrete and steel improves.
 These bars are available in diameters 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, 22,
25, 28 and 32 mm.
 USES OF HYSD BARS OR TOR STEEL
 Nowadays these bars are replacing mild steel bars as
reinforcement since their strength in tension and bond is
higher.

 Tor steel is used as main steel in R.C.C members.

 In the fabrication, of steel tank, steel pipes.

 In the fabrication of structural steel in trusses,

stanchions, beams in the form of various sections.
 HIGH TENSILE STEEL
 High tensile steel bars are made with 0.8 % carbon and
0.6 % manganese apart from small percentages of
silicon, sulphur and phosphorous.

 The process of making these wires involve cold drawing

and tempering.

 They are usually available in 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 mm

diameters. They may be bundled with number of them
to form a strand.

 These bars are having tensile strength as high as 1400

N/mm2 to 1900 N/mm2.

 The young’s modulus of steels is also same as that of

mild steel.
 HIGH TENSILE STEEL
USES:

 High tensile bars are used as reinforcement in

prestressed concrete.
 GRADES OF STEEL
GRADES OF STEEL ARE :
 Fe-250

 Fe-415

 Fe-500

The number associated with the designation

indicates the tensile strength of bar in N/mm2.
TYPES OF REINFORCING STEEL BARS
 TMT
 TMT - Thermo Mechanically Treated steel
 It is a new-generation-high-strength steel having
superior properties such as weld ability, strength,
ductility and bend ability meeting highest quality
standards at international level
 TMT MANUFACTURE PROCESS
 Under thermo mechanical treatment, the steel bars are
passed through a specially designed water-cooling
system where they are kept till the outer surface of the bars
becomes colder while the core remains hot.

 This creates a temperature gradient in the bars. After the

intensive cooling, the bar is exposed to air and the core re-
heats the quenched surface layer by conduction
therefore tempering the external martensite.

 When the bars are taken out of the cooling system, the heat
flows from the core to the outer surface, further
tempering of the bars, which helps them attain a higher
yield strength. The resulting heat-treated structure imparts
superior strength and toughness to the bars.
 USES OF TMT

Concrete re-enforcement structures

 USES OF TMT

Infrastructure applications like Dams, Bridges, Flyovers,

Roads, Tunnels etc.
 USES OF TMT
Commercial applications like skyscrapers, malls,
complexes, factories etc.
 USES OF TMT

 Residential projects of any size.

 Use in coastal and humid areas due to its corrosion
resistance property
 Earthquake prone areas due to superior strength

 Construction of Industrial structures, Concrete roads,

Underground structures