Otc000005 Otn Introduction Issue1.03

OTN Introduction
www.huawei.com
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Foreword
 This course will introduce OTN, includes:
 Optical transport hierarchy (OTH) , interface structure,
overhead
 Maintenance signals, function for different layers
 Alarm and Performance events
Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved. Page2
Objectives
 Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
 Describe OTN frame structure, maintenance signals and
function for different layers
 Outline alarm and performance events generation mechanism
 Analyze the alarm and performance events and locate the

failures in OTN
Contents
1. Optical transport hierarchy
2. OTN interface structure
3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates
4. Overhead description
5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers
6. Alarm and performance events
OTN
 OTN（Optical Transport Network）
 An Optical Transport Network (OTN) is composed of a set of
Optical Network Elements connected by optical fiber links, able
to provide functionality of transport, multiplexing, routing,
management, supervision and survivability of client signals.
Features of OTN
 Compared with SDH and SONET ：
 Ultra capacity with high accuracy, Terabit/second per fiber via
DWDM lines
 Service transparency for client signals
 Asynchronous mapping, powerful FEC function, predigest
network design and reduce the cost
 Compared with traditional WDM

 Enhanced OAM & networking functionality for all services
 Dynamically electrical/optical layer grooming
OTN system
OTN
Jitter Equipment Structure Physic

management Network
and function and and layer Architectur
protection
wander features mapping feature e
s
G.874 G.8251 G.873.1 G.798 G.709 G.959.1 G.872
G.874.1 G.8201 G.873.2 G.806 G.7041 G.693 G.8080
G.7042 G.694
Contents
OTN network layers and interface
structure IP/MPLS ATM EthernetSTM-N
LO OPUk
LO ODUk（ODUkP、ODUkT）
HO OPUk OTUkOTUkV OTUkOTUkV OTUk

HO ODUk（ODUkP、ODUkT） OCh OChr
OTUkOTUkV OTUkOTUkV OTUk OMSn OPSMnk
OPSn
OCh OChr OTSn
OMSn OPSMnk
OPSn OTM- OTM-0.m OTM-
OTSn n.m OTM-nr.m 0.mvn
OTM- OTM-0.m OTM-

n.m OTM-nr.m 0.mvn
OTM-n.m Containment Relationships
Client signal
ln
OPUk OH OPUk payload
ODUk
OTM-n. m
OH OPUk
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC l2

l1
OCh OChOH OCh payload
l OSC
OCCo
OCCo
OCCo
OCG-n.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

Non-associated OH
OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

OMU-n.m
comms OH
OMSn OH
OTM-n.m OTSn OH
OOS
 n represents the maximum number of wavelengths that can be supported at the lowest bit rate
supported on the wavelength, m=1,2,3,4,1234,123,12,23,34 ；
 OTS_OH, OMS_OH, OCh_OH and COMMS OH information fields are contained within the OOS
 OSC：Optical Supervisory Channel used to transmit OOS
OTM-nr.m Containment Relationships
Client signal
l16
OTM-16r.m
ODUk OH OPUk
l2
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC l1
OChr OCh payload
OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp
OTM-nr.m
 Fixed channel spacing, irrespective of signal level
 1<n≤16, m=1,2,3,4,1234,123,12,23,34
 Without optical supervisory channel
OTM-0.m Containment Relationships
Client signal
OTM-0.m
ODUk OH OPUk
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC
OChr OCh paylaod
OTM-0.m OPS0
 The OTM 0.m supports a non coloured optical channel on a single optical span
with 3R regeneration at each end.
 m=1,2,3,4
OTM-0.mvn Containment Relationships
Client Signal
l4
OTM-0.mv4
OPUk OH OPUk Payload
l3
ODUk OH OPUk l2
l1
OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC
OT
Lanes OTLk.n #0 OTLk.n #0 OTLk.n #n-1
OTLC OTLCp OTLCp OTLCp

G
OTM-0.mvn
 m=3,4；
OTN Interfaces
Network Operator B
USER Network
A Operator
OTM NNI OTM
OTM C
IaDI-IrVI NNI
UNI OTM NNI IrDI
OTM NNI
IaDI-IaVI IaDI-IaVI
Vendors X Vendors Y
 User to Network Interface (UNI)

 Network Node Interface (NNI)
 Inter-domain Interface (IrDI)
 Intra-domain Interface (IaDI)
– between equipment of different vendors (IrVI)
– within subnetwork of one vendor (IaVI)
 The completely standardized OTUk is used on OTM IrDIs and may be used on OTM
IaDIs
 The partly standardized OTUk is used on OTM IaDIs
Contents
ODUk multiplexing and mapping
structure
X80
OTU4[V] ODU4 OPU4 ODTUG4
X32
X8
X2
OTU1[V] ODU1 OPU1 ODTUG1 ODU0 OPU0 Client signal
Multiplexing
Mapping
structure
X40
X16
X4
OTU1[V] ODU1 OPU1 Client signal
Multiplexing
Mapping
structure
X10
X
OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3 ODTUG3 3
OTU2e ODU2e OPU2e Client signal
X10
X
OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3 ODTUG3 4
structure
Client signal
X2
X80/ts
OTU4[V] ODU4 OPU4 ODTUG4 ODTU4.ts
X32/ts
OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3 ODTUG3 ODTU3.ts
X8/ts
OTU2[V] ODU2 OPU2 ODTUG2 ODTU2.ts ODUflex OPUflex Client signal
OTM multiplexing and mapping
structure
OTUk types and capacity
OTUk rates＝ 255/(239-k) × STM-N bit rate
OTU type OTU nominal bit rate OTU bit rate tolerance
OTU1 255/238  2 488 320 kbit/s
OTU2 255/237  9 953 280 kbit/s

±20 ppm
OTU3 255/236  39 813 120 kbit/s
OTU4 255/227 × 99 532 800 kbit/s
NOTE – The nominal OTUk rates are approximately: 2 666 057.143 kbit/s
(OTU1), 10 709 225.316 kbit/s (OTU2), 43 018 413.559 kbit/s (OTU3) and 111
809 973.568 kbit/s (OTU4).
ODUk types and capacity
ODUk rates＝ 239/(239-k) ×STM-N bit rate
ODU type ODU nominal bit rate ODU bit rate tolerance
ODU0 1 244 160 kbit/s
ODU1 239/238  2 488 320 kbit/s
ODU2 239/237  9 953 280 kbit/s ±20 ppm
ODU3 239/236  39 813 120 kbit/s
ODU4 239/227 × 99 532 800 kbit/s
ODU2e 239/237 × 10 312 500 kbit/s ±100 ppm
ODUflex for CBR 239/238 × client signal bit rate client signal bit rate tolerance, with a
client signals maximum of 100 ppm
ODUflex for GFP- configured bit rate (see Table 7-8) 20 ppm
F mapped client
signals
OPUk types and capacity
OPUk rates＝ 238/(239-k) ×STM-N bit rate
OPU type OPU Payload nominal bit rate OPU bit rate tolerance
OPU0 238/239 × 1 244 160 kbit/s
OPU1 2 488 320 kbit/s
OPU2 238/237  9 953 280 kbit/s ±20 ppm
OPU3 238/236  39 813 120 kbit/s
OPU4 238/227 × 99 532 800 kbit/s
OPU2e 238/237 × 10 312 500 kbit/s 100 ppm
OPUflex for CBR client signal bit rate tolerance, with a
client signal bit rate
client signals maximum of 100 ppm
OPUflex for GFP-F
238/239 × ODUflex signal rate 20 ppm
mapped client signals
OPU1-Xv X * 2 488 320 kbit/s
OPU2-Xv X * 238/237 * 9 953 280 kbit/s ±20 ppm
OPU3-Xv X * 238/236 * 39 813 120 kbit/s
OTN frame periods
OTU/ODU/OPU type Period (Note)
ODU0/OPU0 98.354 μs
OTU1/ODU1/OPU1/OPU1-Xv 48.971 μs
OTU4/ODU4/OPU4 1.168 μs
ODU2e/OPU2e 11.767 μs
ODUflex/OPUflex CBR client signals:
121856/client_signal_bit_rate
GFP-F mapped client signals:
122368/ODUflex_bit_rate
NOTE – The period is an approximated value, rounded to
3 decimal places.
ODUk time-division multiplex
 Low rate ODUk signals are multiplexed into high rate ODUk signals
using time division multiplexing :
 2×ODU0 multiplexed into 1×ODU1
 8×ODU0/4×ODU1 multiplexed into 1×ODU2
 32×ODU0/16×ODU1/4×ODU2/3×ODU2e multiplexed into 1×ODU3
 80×ODU0/40×ODU1/10×ODU2(e)/ 2×ODU3 multiplexed into
1×ODU4
 k x ODU1 and (8-2k) x ODU0 multiplexed into 1xODU2 (0  k  4 )
 j x ODU2, k x ODU1 and (32-2k-8j ) x ODU0 multiplexed into 1xODU3 (0
 j  4, 0  k  16-4j )
 h x ODU3, j x ODU2, k x ODU1and (80-2k-8j-32h ) x ODU0 multiplexed
into 1xODU4 (0  h  2, 0  j  10-5h, 0  k  40-4j-20h )
ODU1 into ODU2 multiplexing
method
 ODTU12: Optical channel Data Tributary Unit 1 into 2
 ODTUG2: Optical channel Data Tributary Unit Group 2
 JOH: Justification Overhead  ODU1

 ODU1 payload  ODU1
OH
 ODTU12 ODTU12
 ODU1 
JOH
 ODTU12  ODTU12 ODTUG2

 ODU1  ODU1 
JOH JOH
 ODTUG2
 OPU2
 OPU2 payload  OPU2
OH
 ODU2
 ODU2 payload  ODU2
OH
ODU1 and ODU2 into ODU3
multiplexing method
 ODTU23 : Optical channel Data Tributary Unit 2 into 3
 ODTU13 : Optical channel Data Tributary Unit 1 into 3
 ODU2  ODU1
OH  ODU2 Payload  ODU2 OH
ODU1 PayloadODU1
ODTU23
ODTU23 ODTU13

JOH
 ODU2 
JOH
 ODU1  ODTU13
 ODTU13  ODTU13ODTU23  ODTU23

JOH JOH JOH JOH
 ODU2  ODU2  ODU1  ODU1 ODTUG3
 ODTUG3
OPU3 OPU3 Payload

OH
  OPU3
ODU3

ODU3 Payload
OH
  ODU3
Contents
OTN frame formats (k=1,2,3)
4080
3824
3825
14
15
16
17
1
8
7
OTUk
1 Alignm Client signal
OH
OPUk OH
2 mapped in
OTUK
OPUkk payload
OPU payload
3 ODUk FEC
OH
4
Client signal
OPUk - Optical Channel Payload Unit
ODUk – Optical Channel Data Unit k:
1－ 2.5G
OTUk – Optical Channel Transport Unit
2－ 10G
Alignment 3－ 40G
OTN electrical overhead overview
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
1 FAS MFAS SM GCC0 RES RES JC
TCM
2 RES ACT TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO
 ODUk OH  Alignment OH
 TCMACT: Tandem Connection Monitoring  FAS: Frame Alignment Signal
Activation/deactivation control channel  MFAS: multi-frame Alignment Signal
 TCMi:Tandem Connection Monitoring i  OTUk OH
 FTFL:Fault Type & Fault Location reporting  SM: Section Monitoring
channel  GCC0:General Communication Channel0
 PM: Path Monitoring  RES: Reserved for future international
 EXP:Experimental standardisation
 GCC1/2: General Communication Channel  OPUk OH
1/2  PSI: Payload Structure Identifier
 APS/PCC:Automatic Protection Swiching  JC: Justification Control
coordination channel/Protection  NJO: negative justification opportunity
Communication Control channel
Frame Alignment Signal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 byte 6

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
OA1 OA1 OA1 OA2 OA2 OA2
 FAS (Frame Alignment Signal)

 A six byte OTUk-FAS signal is defined in row 1, columns 1 to 6 of the
OTUk overhead.
 OA1 is 0xF6(1111 0110 ) ，OA2 is 0x28(0010 1000).
Multi-Frame Alignment Signal
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
MFAS OH Byte  MFAS (Multi-Frame Alignment Signal)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  defined in row 1, column 7；
.
.
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0  The value of the MFAS byte will be incremented each
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 OTUk/ODUk frame and provides as such a 256 frame
MFAS sequence
0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 multi-frame.
..
..
 Individual OTUk/ODUk overhead signals may use this
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 central multi-frame to lock their 2-frame, 4 frame, 8-
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0
..
0 0 1 frame, 16-frame, 32-frame, etc., multi-frames to the
principal frame.
OTUk section monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3  TTI (Trail Trace Identifier)

TTI BIP-8
 a one-byte overhead is defined to transport the 64 byte
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
TTI signal
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RES  The 64-byte TTI signal shall be aligned with the OTUk
15
16
multi-frame and transmitted four times per multi-frame.
DAPI
31
32
 TTI struture：
 16 bytes SAPI:Source Access Point Identifier
Operator
specific  16 bytes DAPI:Destination Access Point Identifier
63  32 bytes operator specific
 BIP-8 (Bit Interleaved Parity-8)
 For section monitoring, a one-byte error detection code signal is defined.
 This byte provides a bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code ；
 The OTUk BIP-8 is computed over the bits in the OPUk (columns 15 to 3824)
area of OTUk frame i, and inserted in the OTUk BIP-8 overhead location in
OTUk frame i+2
1 14 15 3824
Frame i OPUk
BIP8
Frame i+1
Frame i+2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TCM
1 2 3
 BEI/BIAE (Backward Error Indication/
TTI BIP-8
Backward Incoming Alignment Error)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
 BDI (Backward Defect Indication)
BDI
IAE
SAPI BEI/BIAE RE
15 S
16  IAE (Incoming Alignment Error)
DAPI
31
32  RES (Reserved)
Operator
specific
63
OTUk GCC0 and RES overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
 GCC0 (General Communication Channel)

 Two bytes are allocated in the OTUk overhead to support a general
communications channel between OTUk termination points
 A clear channel which are located in row 1, columns 11 and 12
 RES (Reserved)
 Two bytes of OTUk overhead are reserved for future international
standardization
 Located in row 1, columns 13 and 14
 Set to all ZEROs
ODUk path monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3  TTI / BIP-8 / BEI / BDI

TTI BIP-8
 For path monitoring, this overheads’ function are the
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 same as OTUk SM signal, except BEI signal which
BDI
SAPI BEI STAT

15 doesn’t support BIAE function.
16
DAPI  In row 3, columns 10 to 12
31
32
Operator
specific
63
ODUk path monitoring overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
1 2 3
 STAT (Status)
TTI BIP-8  For path monitoring, three bits are defined as status bits
 They indicate the presence of a maintenance signal
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
BDI
SAPI BEI STAT

15 Bit 6 7 8 status
16
000 Reserved for future international standardization
DAPI
001 Normal path signal
31
32 010 Reserved for future international standardization
011 Reserved for future international standardization
Operator 100 Reserved for future international standardization
specific
101 Maintenance signal: ODUk - LCK
63 110 Maintenance signal: ODUk - OCI
111 Maintenance signal: ODUk - AIS
ODUk TCM overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
TCM
1 2 3  TTIi / BIP-8i / BEIi/BIAEi / BDIi

TTIi BIP-8i
 For each tandem connection monitoring field,
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 this overheads’ function are the same as
BDIi
SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi

15 OTUk SM signal
16
DAPI  Six fields of ODUk TCM overhead are
31
32 defined in row 2, columns 5 to 13 and row 3,
columns 1 to 9 of the ODUk overhead
Operator
specific
63
ODUk TCM overhead
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
 STAT (Status)
1 2 3  For each tandem connection monitoring field, three bits
TTIi BIP-8i are defined as status bits. They indicate the presence of a
maintenance signal, if there is an incoming alignment
error at the source TC-CMEP, or if there is no source TC-
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 CMEP active.
BDIi
SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi

Bit 6 7 8 status
15
16 000 No source TC
001 In use without IAE
DAPI
010 In use with IAE
31
32 011 Reserved for future international standardization
Operator 100 Reserved for future international standardization

specific 101 Maintenance signal: ODUk -LCK
110 Maintenance signal: ODUk -OCI
63 111 Maintenance signal: ODUk -AIS
Nested and Cascaded ODUk
monitored connections
TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
A1 B1 C1 C2 B2 B3 B4 A2
C1 - C2
B1 - B2 B3 - B4
A1 - A2
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
Overlapping ODUk monitored
connections
TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6 TCM6
A1 B1 C1 B2 C2 A2
C1 - C2
B1 - B2
A1 - A2
TCMi TCM OH field not in use TCMi TCM OH field in use
ODUk GCC1/GCC2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
 GCC1 / GCC2 (General Communication Channel)

 Two fields of two bytes are allocated in the ODUk overhead to support two
general communications channels between any two network elements with
access to the ODUk frame structure (i.e., at 3R regeneration points).
 The bytes for GCC1 are located in row 4, columns 1 and 2, and the bytes
for GCC2 are located in bytes row 4, columns 3 and 4 of the ODUk
overhead.
Other overheads
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
 TCMACT (TCM Activation/Deactivation)
 APS/PCC (Automatic Protection Switching/Protection Communication

Control)
 EXP (Experimental)
 FTFL (Fault Type & Fault Location)
OPUk payload structure identifier
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
TCM
 PSI (Payload Structure Identifier)

0 PT
 One byte is allocated in the OPUk
1
overhead to transport a 256-byte payload
Mapping structure identifier (PSI) signal
& concatenation
 Aligned with the ODUk multi-frame.
specific
 PSI[0] contains a one-byte payload type.
255 PSI[1] to PSI[255] are mapping and
concatenation specific .
OOS
FDI-O
n
Non-Associated
TTI FDI-P 3
2
overhead
1
BDI-O BDI-O FDI-O
BDI-P OMSn BDI-P FDI-P

OTSn
OCh
PMI PMI OCI
General Management Communications
 TTI: Trail Trace Identifier

 PMI: Payload Missing Indication
 OCI: Open Connection Indication
 BDI-O: Backward Defect Indication –Overhead
 BDI-P: Backward Defect Indication – Payload
 FDI-O: Forward Defect Indication –Overhead
 FDI-P: Forward Defect Indication – Payload
Contents
OTN Maintenance Layers
Electrical layer Optical layer
1 7 8 14 15 16
OChn
1 OTS OMS FDI-P OCh2
FAS MFAS SM GCC0 RES RES JC
TTI FDI-O OCh1
2 TCM
RES ACT TCM6 TCM5 TCM4 FTFL RES JC BDI-P BDI-P FDI-P
BDI-O BDI-O FDI-O
3 TCM3 TCM2 TCM1 PM EXP RES JC PMI PMI OCI
4 GCC1 GCC2 APS/PCC RES PSI NJO PJO General management communications (OSC)
PM
TCM1 (UNI to UNI)
(NNI to NNI)－ TCM2 (NNI to NNI) TCM2
OTUk SM OTUk SM OTUk SM
OTN boundary OTN boundary
Och Och Och
OMS OMS OMS OMS
OTS OTS OTS OTS OTS OTS OTS
OEO
OTM OLA OADM/ROADM OLA OTM OTM OLA OTM

OTN XC
OTN Layer Network Trail
Client
ODUk
OTUk
OCH
OMS
OTS OTS OTS
OTU OTU
OM OA OA OD
OSC
OSC OSC
Maintenance signals
 FDI（forward defect indication）
 FDI is a signal sent downstream as an indication that an upstream defect
has been detected.
 An FDI signal is detected in a trail termination sink function to suppress

defects or failures that would otherwise be detected as a consequence of
the interruption of the transport of the original signal at an upstream point..
 AIS and FDI are similar signals. AIS is used as term when the signal is in
the digital domain. FDI is used as the term when the signal is in the optical
domain.
 FDI is transported as non associated overhead in the OTM overhead signal

(OOS).
Maintenance signals
 AIS（alarm indication signal）
 AIS is a signal sent downstream as an indication that an
upstream defect has been detected. An AIS signal is
generated in an adaptation sink function
 An AIS signal is detected in a trail termination sink function to

suppress defects or failures that would otherwise be detected
as a consequence of the interruption of the transport of the
original signal at an upstream point.
Maintenance signals
 AIS（alarm indication signal）
 ODUk-AIS is specified as all "1"s in the entire ODUk signal,
excluding the frame alignment overhead (FA OH), OTUk
overhead (OTUk OH) and ODUk FTFL
 The presence of ODUk-AIS is detected by monitoring the ODUk

STAT bits in the PM and TCMi overhead fields
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
All-1s pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
 BDI (Backward Defect Indication)
 Backward Defect Indication Payload defect (dBDI-P) is
monitored at the OTS and OMS layers. The purpose of
monitoring this parameter is to allow for single ended
supervision of the trail
 During signal fail conditions of the overhead signal,

dBDI-P shall be set to false
Maintenance signals
 OCI (open connection indication)
 A signal sent downstream as an indication that upstream the signal is
not connected to a trail termination source
 The presence of ODUk-OCI is detected by monitoring the ODUk
STAT bits in the PM and TCMi overhead fields.
 The repeating "0110 0110" pattern is the default pattern; other
patterns are also allowed as long as the STAT bits in the PM and
TCMi overhead fields are set to "110".
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
Repeating “0110 0110” pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
 LCK (locked)
 A signal sent downstream as an indication that upstream the connection is
"locked", and no signal is passed through.
 The presence of ODUk-LCK is detected by monitoring the ODUk STAT bits
in the PM and TCMi overhead fields.
 dLCK shall be declared if the accepted STAT information (AcSTAT) is
“101”. dLCK shall be cleared if the accepted STAT information is not equal
to “101”.
 During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dLCK shall be set to false.
1 78 14 17 3824
1 FA OH OTUk OH
FTFL
STAT
STAT
STAT
2
Repeating “0101 0101”pattern
STAT
STAT
STAT
STAT
3
4
Maintenance signals
 IAE (Incoming Alignment Error)
 IAE at the OTUk layer: dIAE shall be declared/cleared if the IAE bit in the
SM overhead field (byte 3, bit 6) is “1”/ “0” for X consecutive frames. X
shall be 5.
 IAE at the ODUkT layer: dIAE shall be declared/cleared if the accepted
STAT information (AcSTAT) is/is not “010”.
 During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dIAE shall be set to false .
 BIAE (Backward Incoming Alignment Error)
 dBIAE shall be declared/cleared if the BEI/BIAE bits in the SM/TCM
overhead field (byte 3, bit 1 to 4) are/are not “1011” for X consecutive
frames. X shall be 3.
 During signal fail conditions of the data signal, dBIAE shall be set to
false .
Maintenance and management signal
Management Network layers
signal
function OTUk ODUkP ODUkT
Alignment LOF/LOM Y Y –
Connectivity TTI Y Y Y
AIS Y Y Y
OCI – Y Y
Maintenance LCK – Y Y
Signal LTC – – Y
BDI Y Y Y
BEI Y Y Y
IAE/BIAE Y – Y
Signal quality BIP-8 Y Y Y
Contents
6. Alarms and performance events
Alarms
Layer Alarms
OTUk OTUk_LOF,OTUk_AIS,OTUk_LOM,OTUk_TIM,OTUk_DEG,
OTUk_EXC,OTUk_BDI,BEFFEC_EXC
ODUk_PM ODUk_PM_TIM,ODUk_PM_DEG,ODUk_PM_EXC,
ODUk_PM_BDI,ODUk_PM_LCK,ODUk_PM_OCI,ODUk_PM_AIS,O
DUk_LOFLOM
ODUk_TCMi ODUk_TCMi_TIM,ODUk_TCMi_DEG ,ODUk_TCMi_EXC ,ODUk_T

CMi_BDI, ODUk_TCMi_LCK,ODUk_TCMi_OCI,
ODUk_TCMi_AIS,ODUk_TCMi_LTC
OPUk OPUk_PLM,OPU2_MSIM,OPU3_MSIM
Remark: k=1,2,3,5G, i=1～6.
Performance events
layer Performance events
OTUk OTUk_BBE ,OTUk_BBER,OTUk_BIAES,OTUk_ES,OTUk_FEBBE,OTUk_FEBBE

R,OTUk_FEES,OTUk_FESES,OTUk_FESESR,OTUk_FEUAS,OTUk_IAES,OTUk_
SES,OTUk_SESR,OTUk_UAS,FEC_AFT_COR_ER
ODUk_PM ODUk_PM_BBE,ODUk_PM_BBER,ODUk_PM_ES,ODUk_PM_FEBBE,ODUk_PM
_FEBBER,ODUk_PM_FEES,ODUk_PM_FESES,ODUk_PM_FESESR,ODUk_PM_
FEUAS,ODUk_PM_SES,ODUk_PM_SESR,ODUk_PM_UAS
ODUk_TCM ODUk_TCMi_BBE,ODUk_TCMi_BBER,ODUk_TCMi_BIAES,ODUk_TCMi_ES,OD
i Uk_TCMi_FEBBE,ODUk_TCMi_FEBBER,ODUk_TCMi_FEES,ODUk_TCMi_FESE
S,ODUk_TCMi_FESESR,ODUk_TCMi_FEUAS,ODUk_TCMi_IAES,ODUk_TCMi_S
ES,ODUk_TCMi_SESR,ODUk_TCMi_UAS
K=1,2,3,5G i=1～6.
Questions
 Which kinds of the components does the OTM-n.m have?
 What’s the difference between SM and PM?
Summary
 Optical transport hierarchy
 OTN interface structure
 Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates
 Overhead description
 Maintenance signals and function for different layers
 Alarms and performance events
Abbreviations and Acronyms
 AIS Alarm Indication Signal
 APS Automatic Protection Switching
 BDI Backward Defect Indication
 BEI Backward Error Indication
 BIAE Backward Incoming Alignment Error
 BIP Bit Interleaved Parity
 CBR Constant Bit Rate
 CMEP Connection Monitoring End Point
 DAPI Destination Access Point Identifier
 EXP Experimental
 ExTI Expected Trace Identifier
Abbreviations and Acronyms
 ONNI Optical Network Node Interface
 OOS OTM Overhead Signal
 OPS Optical Physical Section
 OPU Optical Channel Payload Unit
 OPUk Optical Channel Payload Unit-k
 OSC Optical Supervisory Channel
 OTH Optical Transport Hierarchy
 OTM Optical Transport Module
 OTN Optical Transport Network
 OTS Optical Transmission Section
 OTU Optical Channel Transport Unit
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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OTN Introduction

Copyright © 2012 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

 Maintenance signals, function for different layers

 Alarm and Performance events

 Outline alarm and performance events generation mechanism

 Analyze the alarm and performance events and locate the

2. OTN interface structure

3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates

5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers

6. Alarm and performance events

 Compared with traditional WDM

Jitter Equipment Structure Physic

2. OTN interface structure

3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates

5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers

6. Alarm and performance events

HO OPUk OTUkOTUkV OTUkOTUkV OTUk

OTM- OTM-0.m OTM-

OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC l2

OCG-n.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

OTM Overhead Signal (OOS)

OChr OCh payload

OCG-nr.m OCCp OCCp OCCp

 Fixed channel spacing, irrespective of signal level

 Without optical supervisory channel

OTUk[V] OH ODUk FEC

OChr OCh paylaod

OTLC OTLCp OTLCp OTLCp

 Without optical supervisory channel

 User to Network Interface (UNI)

2. OTN interface structure

3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates

5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers

6. Alarm and performance events

OTU1[V] ODU1 OPU1 Client signal

OTU2e ODU2e OPU2e Client signal

OTU2[V] ODU2 OPU2 Client signal

OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3 Client signal

OTU3[V] ODU3 OPU3 ODTUG3 ODTU3.ts

OTU1 255/238  2 488 320 kbit/s

OTU2 255/237  9 953 280 kbit/s

OTU4 255/227 × 99 532 800 kbit/s

 ODTUG2: Optical channel Data Tributary Unit Group 2

 JOH: Justification Overhead  ODU1

 ODTU12  ODTU12 ODTUG2

 ODTU13  ODTU13ODTU23  ODTU23

OPU3 OPU3 Payload

2. OTN interface structure

3. Multiplexing/mapping principles and bit rates

5. Maintenance signals and function for different layers

6. Alarm and performance events

byte 1 byte 2 byte 3 byte 4 byte 5 byte 6

 FAS (Frame Alignment Signal)

 OA1 is 0xF6(1111 0110 ) ，OA2 is 0x28(0010 1000).

MFAS OH Byte  MFAS (Multi-Frame Alignment Signal)

1 2 3  TTI (Trail Trace Identifier)

63  32 bytes operator specific

 This byte provides a bit interleaved parity-8 (BIP-8) code ；

 GCC0 (General Communication Channel)

1 2 3  TTI / BIP-8 / BEI / BDI

SAPI BEI STAT

SAPI BEI STAT

1 2 3  TTIi / BIP-8i / BEIi/BIAEi / BDIi

SAPI BEIi/BIAEi STATi