Wrought Dental Alloys

and Dental Wire

 Dental Alloys

Cast Wrought
Fixed partial denture Dental wire
Crown Instruments
Removable partial denture Orthodontic brackets
Etc. Stainless steel crown
Etc.
Wrought Alloys
Cast

Mechanical work

Wrought

• = alloys that have been worked or shaped and

fashioned into a serviceable form for an appliance.
• Examples: dental wire, orthodontic brackets, endodontic
instruments, ….etc.
Microstructure

• = fibrous , results from the cold work applied

curing the shaping operation.
• Wrought forms normally have a measurable
increase in tensile strength and hardness but
decrease in ductility and resistance to corrosion
when compared with corresponding cast
structures.
o Results from the entangled, fibrous internal structure
created by the cold work.
A cast gold alloy Same alloy in wire form
• Wrought forms will
Fibrous structure
recrystallize during heating
operations.
o • The fibrous microstructure is
converted to a grained structure
similar to the structure of a cast
form.
• Recrystallization results in a
Grained structure
reduction in mechanical
properties in proportion to the
amount of recrystallization.
 Fibrous structure

Grained structure
**Wrought Stainless Steel Alloy

• “Steel” = iron and carbon alloy

• “Stainless Steel” = Alloys of iron and
carbon that contain chromium, nickel,
manganese, and other metals.
• Applications: Orthodontic appliances,
Endodontic instruments, Stainless steel
crown, Denture clasp, etc.
Stainless steel orthodontic wire
• **Chromium amount must be between 13% and
28% for optimal corrosion resistance.
o Cr<13% • no adhere chromium oxide layer
o Cr>28% • chromium-carbides form • embrittle the
steel
o Cr resists corrosion well because of the formation of a
strongly adherent coating of oxide on the surface
which prevents further reaction with the metal below
the surface.
o The formation of such oxide layer is called
“passivation”.
• Heat treatment above 650oC • recrystallization,
compositional change, and formation of
chromium-carbides. • ↓mechanical properties
and corrosion resistance.
• Stress-relieving treatments
o To remove the effects of cold working during
fabrication and increase ductility
 400oC to 500oC for 5 to 120 seconds
Wrought Cobalt-Chromium-Nickel
Alloy
• “Elgiloy”
• 40% Co, 20% Cr, 15% Ni, 7% Mo, 2%
Mn, 0.4% Be, 0.15% C, 15.4% Fe, 0.05%
other
• Applications: orthodontic wire (soft,
ductile, semispring temper, and spring
temper)
Wrought Nickel-Titanium Alloy

• “Nitinol”
• 55% Ni and 45% Ti
• High resiliency, limited formability, and thermal memory
• “Shape-Memory Effect”: will return to its original shape
when heated from below to above a temperature
transitional range (TTR).
o The term Shape Memory Alloys (SMA) is applied to that group of
metallic  materials that demonstrate the ability to return to some
previously defined shape or size when subjected to the appropriate
thermal procedure. Generally,  these materials can be plastically
deformed at some relatively low temperature, and upon exposure to
some higher temperature will return to their shape prior to the
deformation.
Wrought Beta-Titanium Alloy

• 78% Ti, 11.5% Mo, 6% Zr and 4.5% Sn

• Can be shaped easily.
• Can be soldered and welded.