Runway Incursion

Reference ICAO DOC 9870

S R IYER
 Runway Incursion
• Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect
presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected
area of a surface designated for the landing and take-off of
aircraft.

• An Aircraft/Vehicle crossing in front of Landing/Take-off

aircraft or crossing Taxi holding point, inadvertent entry of
aircraft/vehicle to runway due loss of situation awareness

• Most Runway incursions happen in VMC and most

accidents in low visibility conditions
 Contributory Factors
• Breakdown in Communication.

• Pilots.

• Air Traffic Controllers.

• Airside vehicle Operators.

• Aerodrome Design.
 Breakdown in Communication
• Use of non standard phraseology.
• Incorrect read back of ATC instructions.
• Failure to ensure correct read back of issued
clearance by ATC.
• Misunderstanding of ATC instruction.
• Acceptance of clearance meant for other
aircraft
• Blocked/partially blocked instructions.
• Long and complex ATC instructions.
• Maintain listening watch till change over.
 Pilot Factors
• Inadvertent noncompliance of ATC instruction.
• Breakdown in COM/ Situation awareness loss
• Inadequate signage/markings
• Issue instructions when ACFT on landing roll
• Head down tasks loosing situation awareness
• Complicated/capacity enhancement procedure
• Runway crossing due airport design
• Last minute change in ATC clearance
 Precaution by Pilots
• Never cross illuminated red stop bar
• Avoid clearance to enter/cross RWY from
obliquely angled taxiway
• Delay more than 90 sec at line up - advise ATC
• Switch on landing lights for take-off/landing
• Switch on strobe light while crossing runway
• When ATC clearance is not clear clarify with ATS
unit
 Precaution by Pilots
• Pilots should be head up for continuous watch
during aerodrome surface operation
• If in doubt about aircraft position on surface of
aerodrome, contact ATC for assistance.

Note – Be aware of HOTSPOTS at aerodromes &

be alert to enhanced taxi marking.
Enhanced taxiway marking
 Prevention Checklist
• Strictly adhere to ICAO SARPS & guidance
material including phraseologies.
• Crew to follow clearances actually received and
not what they expect to receive.
• Good pre flight planning of ground operations
reduce workload during taxi.
• Good situational awareness top priority during
taxi & CRM principle in this phase is equally
important. Never take things for granted.
• Be defensive & let built-in-safety nets to work.
 Read back of safety clearance
• ATC route clearance
• Clearance to enter, land on, take off from, hold
short of, cross & backtrack on any runway
• Runway-in-use, altimeter setting, SSR codes,
level/heading/speed restriction, weather
information from ATC or ATIS
• Conditional clearance
Note – ATC shall ensure that the read back of
clearance is correct
• Thank You