Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1 U.S.
2 China
3 Japan
10 U.S.- Mexico Border States
4 Germany
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Source: Norman, L., et. Al (2010). Developing an Ecosystem Services Online Decision Support
Tool to Assess the Impacts of Climate Change and Urban Growth in the Santa Cruz Watershed;
Where We Live, Work, and Play. Sustainability, 2(7), 2044-2069. doi:10.3390/su2072044
BASIC FACTS
California – nearly 40 million residents (Most Populous State
in the U.S.)
Texas – nearly 28 million residents (2nd largest in U.S.)
Arizona – nearly 7 million (14th largest in U.S.)
1850
New Mexico – just over 2 million (36th largest U.S.) 1912 1912
▶ Selection of the Federal Government Secretariats: All the secretaries of government at the
national level are chosen by the president and go through a screening process managed by Congress
to ensure transparency of the process.
▶ Election of the Mayor, the State Government, and President: These elections are carried out by
the INE.
Important note: All levels of elections in Mexico are managed in the same
manner.
Effects of Electoral Reform in Mexico
With the electoral reform of 2014…
Transition from IFE to INE
Main function INE organizes federal and local elections.
It serves as a supervisory authority and provides the guidelines for local processes (41, base
V, section B, subsection a and b).
The INE at the local level:
It may organize the elections internally within the political parties, at their request.
The federal entities must regulate the re-election of the municipal presidents, regidores and
síndicos, who can be reelected for a consecutive period, as long as the period of their
mandate does not exceed three years.
They also allow the re-election of the Legislative Assembly of the DF for up to four
consecutive periods.
As at the federal level, the nomination must be by the same party, unless the aspirant has
resigned his militancy before the middle of the term (article 115, section I).
Effects of Electoral Reform in Mexico
(cont.)
The reform maintains the existence of the local electoral institutes with important
changes in its faculties, integration and appointment.
General councils of the local institutes will be integrated by six advisers and a
President Counselor.
In terms of their powers, they will carry out the capture and counting of votes,
declare the validity and grant certificates to the winning candidates, and carry out
the procedures of popular consultations at the local level.
Administer the access to the prerogatives of candidates and political parties,
preparation of election day, printing of documents and production of election
materials, and preliminary results.
Surveys or opinion polls; Electoral observation, and quick counts; Some of these
powers will be developed in accordance with the guidelines established by the INE
(article 41, base V, section C).
Compensation & Staff – U.S.
Arizona . . . . . . $24,000 44.5/mile. $35 a day for the first 120 days of the
regular session and for special sessions and $10 a day thereafter; members
residing outside Maricopa County receive an additional $25 a day for the first
120 days of the regular session and for special sessions and an additional $10
a day thereafter (V). Set by statute.
California . . . . . . $100,113 53/mile set by Commission. $176 a day for each
day in session
New Mexico . . . . . . . . . 54/mile. Tied to federal rate. $163 a day (V). Tied
to federal rate.
Texas . . . . . . $7,200 50/mile. $1.24/mile for single, twin and turbo engine
airplanes. Set by general appropriations bill. Per Diem $190 a day (U). Set by
ethics commission.
Federal Representation of Border States
Each U.S. State elects 2 Federal Senators in Statewide elections.
Federal Senate Terms are 6 years, elections for one third held every 2
years.
Example: California elected one in 2016, the other will be up in 2018
Members of Congress: California – 53; AZ – 9; NM – 3; TX – 36 (101/435)
These numbers can change after each Census
The members of the Mexican Senate serve for a period of six years. Two
are elected by state, there are 32 states, and 64 more are assigned by
party population and minority preference in the Upper Chamber.
Members of Congress: BC – 8 / 8; SON – 7 / 4; COAH – 7 / 4; CHIH – 9 / 4;
NL – 12 / 10; TAMS – 8 / 7
These numbers can change after each Census and according to House Majority
Local Jurisdictions
▶ Maps outlines Counties and Municipios for each state
United States
Border States
Border States
of Mexico
10 border States Between Mexico
and United States, 25 counties,
and 36 Municipios.
Centralization of major decisions in CDMX and Washington
Opportunity to make changes in state laws but lack forums for greater
interaction with lawmakers on the other side of the border
In practice there is little or no relationship between the municipal councils
and the state chambers.
Topics of binational relevance
Water
Education
Security