GERUND

 Gerund is a verb because of special case, it is

added by –ing (Verb-ing).
 Gerund can be used in several cases. They are :

1. Gerund as Subject
2. Gerund as Object/Complement
3. After several Verbs
4. After Preposition
 GERUND AS SUBJECT
If a sentece is begun with gerund, the verb must
also be singular.

EXAMPLES:
 Swimming is a good sport.

S P O
 Jogging makes us fresh.

S P O
 Knowing her has made him what he is.

S P O
 GERUND AS OBJECT /
COMPLEMENT
EXAMPLES :

 She likes dancing.

S P O
 My hobby is cycling.
S P Complement
 VERBS THAT ARE ALWAYS
FOLLOWED BY GERUND
Verbs that must be followed by the gerund are :

admit appreciate avoid consider

delay deny enjoy finish

mind miss postpone practice

quit recall report resent

resist resume risk suggest

 EXAMPLES :
 John admitted stealing the jewels.

 You shouldn’t risk entering that building in its

present condition.

 The Coast Guard has reported seeing another

ship in the Florida Straits.

 Michael was considering buying a new car until

the prices went up.
 VERBS + PREPOSITIONS
The following list consists of verbs + prepositions that must
be followed by Gerund.

Appove of Be better of Count on Depend on

Give up Insist on Keep on Put off
Rely on Succed in Think about Think of

Examples :

 John gave up smoking because of his doctor’s advice.

 Henry is thinking of going to France in August.
 You would be better of leaving now instead of tomorrow.
 ADJECTIVES + PREPOSITION
 The following adjectives + preposition s are also followed by
gerund.

Accustomed to afraid of capable of fond of

intent on interested in successful in tired of

 Examples :
 Thomas is afraid of going out alone at night.
 Riana is interested in studying tradional dances.
 We are accustomed to taking a walk on vacation.
 NOUNS + PREPOSITION

 The following nouns + preposition s are also followed by

gerund

Choice of excuse for reason for

possibility of intention of method for/of
habit of right of chance of
idea of importance of honour of
 Examples :
 There is no reason for leaving the meeting now.
 It is her choice of getting married after finishing her study.
 Diana has a method for hadling a naughty boy.
 INFINITIVE OR GERUND
 There are some verbs that can be followed by
infinitive or gerund but they have different
meaning.

forget remember stop

 I stop smoking cigarettes.
( I am not going to smoke anymore)
 I stop to smoke cigarettes.
( I stop doing something in order to study)
 Steve remembers signing a contract.
( Steves is not going to sign a contract)
 Steve remembers to sign a contract.
( Steves stops doing something in order to study)
 INFINITIVE OR GERUND
 There are some verbs that can be followed by
infinitive or gerund and they same meaning.

begin like Hate

start love Can’t stand
continue Can’t hear

 Examples :
• It began to rain. = It began raining.
• It started to work. = It started working.
 INFINITIVE
 Verbs that must be followed by the infinitive are :

Agree desire hope plan tend

Attempt expect intend prepare want
Claim fail learn pretend wish
Demand forget need seem invite
Decide hesitate offer strive remind

 We all agree to find a way out.

 I have decided to apply for a position.
 Agatha failed to get a schoolarship to study abroas.
 I intend to free you from punishment.
 This country seems to be peaceful.
 The workers hope the government to solve their problems.

 EXERCISE
Choose the correct form of the verb in parantheses in the following sentences.
 I enjoy ( to dance/dancing).
 What do you want (to do / doing) tonight?
 He goes out without (to say/saying) anything.
 She learnt (to swim/swimming) when she was five years old.
 Have you finished (to clean/cleaning) the kitchen?
 I’m interestedn in (to study/studying) other countries and their cultures.
 Students practice written English by (to write/writting) composition.
 Goodbye! I hope (to see/seeing) you again soon.
 It’s important for Cecilia (to take/taking) a TOEFL test.
 Grace avoids Tommy’s (to come/coming) to the party.
 I am considering (to change/changing) my present job.
 Would you mind (to open/opening) the door, please?
 Instead of (to work/working), they are talking.
 Mr. Juan’s family decided (to move/moving) to Singapore.
 Riana refused (to accept/accepting) the gift.
 I am tired of (to do/doing) the work again.
 She insisted on (to pay/paying) the entire bill for dinner.
 He posponed (to make/making) a decision.
 Before (to leave/leaving) the house, I locked the door.
 Ali confessed to (to steal/stealing) the golds.