BUILDNING MATERIALS :

STONES
 STONES
 Stone is a natural occurring material of construction and
is obtained from rocks by 'quarrying' i.e. by excavating,
heating, wedging and blasting.

 Therefore they are irregular in shape and size.

 Stones are easily, readily and cheaply available from

rocky and hilly areas and are best suited for building
construction.
 DRESSED & UNDRESSED STONES
 DRESSED STONES : The sharp corners of the stones
are removed and made smooth if required to make them
suitable for construction. This process is known as
"dressing of stones".

 It is commonly done by means of chisels and hammers.

 For large work they are dressed by machine.

 It should be easy to dress so that the cost of dressing is

reduced. However the care should be taken so that, this
is not be at the cost of the required strength and the
durability.
 APPLICATION OF STONES IN CONSTRUCTION
Stones are used in the following civil engineering constructions:
 Stone masonry is used for the construction of foundations,
walls, columns and arches.
 Stone slabs are used as damp proof courses, lintels and even
as roofing materials.
 Stones with good appearance are used for the face works of
buildings. Polished marbles and granite are commonly used
for face works.
 Stones are used for paving of roads, footpaths and open
spaces round the buildings.
 Stones are also used in the constructions of piers and
abutments of bridges, dams and retaining walls.
 Crushed stones with graved are used to provide base coarse
for roads. When mixed with tar they form finishing coat.
 APPLICATION OF STONES IN CONSTRUCTION
 It is the prime material used in the construction of
pavements of cement concrete, bituminous concrete, and
water bound macadam roads.
 Broken stones are used for road work and for laying railway
tracks as stone ballast.
 Broken stones are used for the preparation of cement
concrete as coarse aggregates. The concrete is used for the
construction of foundations, columns, lintels, beams, floors
etc.
 Crushed stones are used for making artificial stones and
building blocks
 Crushed stone is used as alternative substitute for artificial
sand.
 Lime stones are used in the manufacture of lime, cement and
other chemical processes.