Government Engg.

College
Valsad
Branch :- Chemical
Sem :- 5 th
Group No. :- 6
Subject : Mechanical Operation ( 2150502 )

Topic : Size Reduction

Presented By :

Akash Patel : 130190105064

Ankit Patel : 130190105065

Dimple Patel : 130190105067

Divyesh Patel : 130190105068

Size Reduction

Commonly Used Method For Size Reduction:

• Compression

• Impact

• Attrition

• Cutting
Principle For Size Reduction:

Criteria For Size Reduction

An Ideal Crusher Would, Have a large Capacity, Require a
Small Power Input Per Unit Of Product; and Yield a Product
of the Single Size Distribution Desired.

Energy and power requirement in size

reduction :
The cost of power is a major expensive in crushing and
grinding, so the factor that control this cost are
important.
Crushing Efficiency :
Empirical Relationship of Rittinger’s Law &
Kick’s Law
The work required in crushing is proportional to the
new surface created. This is equivalent to the
statement that the crushing efficiency is constant and,
for a giving machine and material, is independent of
the sizes of feed and product. If the
sphericities F a (before size reduction) and F b (after
size reduction) are equal and the machine efficiency is
constant, the Rittinger’s law can be written as

Where Kr is Rittinger’s Co-efficient.

Kick’s Law :
the work required for crushing a given mass of
material is constant for the same reduction ratio,
that is the ratio of the initial particle size to the
finial particle size

Where P is power required, m is a feed rate of

Crusher, DS2 is a average particle diameter before
crushing, DS1 is average particle diameter after
crushing,
Kk is Kick’s Co-efficient.
Bond Crushing law & Work
Index :
The work required to form particles of size Dp from
very large feed is proportional to the square root of
the surface-to-volume ratio of the product, sp/vp.
Since F s = 6/Dp, it follows that

where Kb is a constant that depends on the

type of machine and on the material being
crushed.
 The Work Index Wi, Is define as the gross energy
required in KWH per tone to reduce a very large feed
to such a size that 80%of the product passes a 100µ m
screen. If Dp is in millimeters, P in Kw, and m in tone
per hour, then

If 80% of the feed passes a mesh size

of Dpa millimeters and 80% of the product a mesh
of Dpb millimeters, it follows that
Size Reduction Equipment :
Size reduction equipment is divided into crushers, grinders,
ultrafine grinders, and cutting machines. Crusher do the heavy
work of breaking large pieces of solid material into small lumps.
A primary crusher operates on run-of -mine material accepting
anything that comes from mine face and breaking it into 150 to
250 mm lumps. A secondary crusher reduces these lumps into
particles perhaps 6mm in size.

Grinders reduce crushed feed to powder. The product from an

intermediate grinder might pass a 40-mesh screen; most of the
product from a fine grinder would pass a 200-mesh screen with a
74m m opening. An ultrafine grinder accepts feed particles no
larger than 6mm and the product size is typically 1 to
5m m. Cutters give particles of definite size and shape, 2 to
10mm in length.
The principal types of size-reduction machines
are as follows:

A. Crushers (coarse and fine)

• Jaw crushers

• Gyratory crushers

• Crushing rolls

B. Grinders (intermediate and fine)

• Hammer mills; impactors

• Rolling-compression mills
 • Attrition mills

• Tumbling mills

C. Ultrafine grinders

• Hammer mills with internal

classification

• Fluid-energy mills

• Agitated mills

D. Cutting machines

• Knife cutters; dicers; slitters