Who is Gregor Mendel?

• Gregor Mendel is the father of genetics. He:

• • Founded the science of genetics.
• • Identified many of the rules of heredity. These
rules determine how traits are passed through
generations of living things.
• • Saw that living things pass traits to the next
generation by something that remains unchanged
in successive generations of an organism – we
now call this ‘something’ genes.
• • Realized that traits could skip a generation –
seemingly lost traits could appear again in
another generation – he called
these recessive traits.
• • Identified recessive and dominant traits which
pass from parents to offspring.
• • Established, momentously, that traits pass from
parents to their offspring in a mathematically
predictable way.
 The result of Mendel’s crosses
between pure-breeding pea plants
Characters Studied Parent First Filial (F1)
Generation
Seed shape Round Wrinkled Round
Seed color Green Yellow Yellow
Seed coat color Colored White Colored
Pod shape Inflated Constricted Inflated
Pod color Green Yellow Green
Flower position Axial Terminal Axial
Stem length Long Short Long
 Results of Mendel’s crosses between
hybrid plants
Character Hybrid F2 Generation Produced by Observed
Studied Self-Pollinating F1 Hybrids Ratio
Seed shape Round Round Wrinkled 2:1
Seed color Yellow Green Yellow 3:1
Seed coat color Colored Colored White 3:1
Pod shape Inflated Inflated Constricted 2:1
Pod color Green Green Yellow 2:1
Flower position Axial Axial Terminal 3:1
Stem length Long Long Short 2:1
 Punnett Square
• a.) determine the probability of the genetic
cross
• b.) solve genetic problems using punnett
square
• c.) discuss the importance of predicting the
future
 Reginald Punnett
• Developed the • Punnett Square
“punnett Square” to • a.) A diagram used to
depect the number predict an outcome of a
and variety of particular cross or
genetic combination breeding experiment
• b.) contains capital
letters to represent
dominant allelles and
lower case letters to
recessive alleles.
Round seed (R) crossed wrinkled (r) seed

 What is the seed shape

of the offspring? Round
R R  How many possible
result are there? Four (4)
r Rr Rr  How many possible
result of having a round
seed ? Four (4)

r Rr Rr  What is now the ratio?

4:4
 Definition
 Allele – refers to either
member of a pair of R R -Allele
genes that determines a
single traits. r Rr Rr -genotype
 Genotype – refers to the
pair of allele in the cell of
r Rr Rr
an organism
 Phenotype-refers to the
trait that is expressed in
an organism’s
appearance.
 Let D= dominant allele and d=recessive allele
DD=homozygous dominant; Dd=heterozygous dominant
dd=homozygous recessive genotypes
Determine the genotypic and
Phenotypic ratios

DD X DD

Genotypic Ratio Phenotypic Ratio

Example
In humans, brown eyes (B)
are dominant over blue
(b). A heterozygous
brown eyed man
marries a homozygous
blue-eyed woman.

a.)What is the probability that There will be 50% probability that

they will have a brown-eyed
child?
b.) What is the probability that
they will have a blue eyed
child?
they will have a brown-eyed child
There will be 50% probability that
they will have a blue-eyed child
Group Activity

1. One dog carries 2. Suppose that your father

heterozygous, black-fur
traits(Bb) and its mate
carries homozygous
white-fur trait (bb).
a.) What are the genotype
of the offspring?
b.) What are the phenotype
of the offspring?
c.) What is the ratio of the
offspring having black-fur
trait and white-fur trait?
has a homozygous
dominant blood type B
(IBIB) and your mother
has a homozygous
dominant blood type A
(IAIA). What will be your
blood type?
 b b IA IA
B Bb Bb IB IAIB IAIB
b bb bb IB IAIB IAIB
a.) ½ or 50% Bb : ½ or 50% bb My Blood type AB

b.) ½ or 50% dominant : ½ or 50% recessive

c.) 2:2
Evaluation
Direction : Solve the provided genetic cross

A heterozygous round seeded plant (Rr) is

crossed with a homozygous round seeded
plant (RR).
a.) What percentage of the offspring will be
homozygous (RR)?
b.) What are the genotype of the offspring?
c.) What are the phenotypes of the offspring?
 a.) ½ or 50% of the offspring
R r will be homozygous
b.) ½ or 50%RR : ½ or 50% Rr
R RR RR c.) 1 or 100% dominant
R Rr Rr
Assignment:
• Directions: Solve the following genetic cross
below (Activity notebook)
1. Curly hair (C) is dominant to straight hair (c).
A mother has heterozygous curly hair marries
to a homozygous straight hair.
a.) What are the phenotype and genotype of the
offspring?
b.) What is the probability that they will have a
child with straight hair?