Content Standard

The learners demonstrate understanding

of:
1. The concept of disaster and disaster
risk, and the nature and effects of
disasters.
Performance Standard
The learners shall be able to:
1. Relate the concept of disaster with daily
life;
Learning Competencies
The learners are able to:
1. Explain the meaning of disaster
(DRR11/12-Ia-b-1)
2. Differentiate the risk factors underlying
disasters (DRR11/12-Ia-b-2)
3. Describe the effects of disasters on
one’s life (DRR11/12-Ia-b-3)
Learning Competencies
The learners are able to:
4. Explain how and when an event becomes
a disaster (DRR11/12-Ia-b-4)
5. Analyze disaster from the different
perspectives (physical, psychological,
socio-cultural, economic, political, and
biological) (DRR11/12-Ia-b-6)
CONCEPT OF

DISASTER
Lesson 1
Motivation
Week 1\Grim Disasters Philippines.mpg.mp4

NTG_ #Flashback_ Nov. 5, 1991, tumama ang

Bagyong Uring sa Visayas.mp4

Storm surge hits Tacloban City.mp4

 DISASTER
A serious disruption of the functioning
of a community or a society involving:
■ widespread human ■ material
■ economic, or
■ environmental losses and impacts
which exceeds the ability of the
affected community or society to cope
using its own resources.
 DISASTER
It may either be:
PREDICTED CALAMITIES:
=like typhoon become a disaster when its
effect could no longer be controlled
and disturbs people, damages
properties and unsettles events.
 DISASTER
It may either be:
UNPREDICTED CALAMITIES:
=are more disastrous because people
wouldn’t know when these calamities
would struck a place, person, or a thing.
= ex: Lightning, EQ, and Tsunami
Typhoon
Yolanda
Victims
in
Tacloban
Leyte
 FORMULA OF DISASTER
Presented by IFRC:

EXPOSURE (to hazard) x VULNERABILITY =Disaster

CAPACITY TO COPE

Disaster is the result of the combination of

vulnerability and hazard. The result of which will be
mitigated by the capacity.
 FORMULA OF DISASTER

CAPACITY-> pertains to the capability of

the people to reduce its risk or mitigate
its devastating effects.
 FORMULA OF DISASTER
VULNERABILITY-> pertains to the weakened
capability of a person or group or persons to
prepare, manage, and recover from the
impact of a natural or man-made disaster.
Ex: a.) Barangay which is not knowledgeable in
DRRM.
b.) Member of family who rfused to evacuate
from the house.
 HAZARD
A dangerous:
Human Activity, Phenomenon, Substance, or
Condition
that may cause: loss of life, injury or other
health impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or environmental
damage.
LESSON 2:

THE CONCEPT OF
DISASTER RISK
 RISK
The possibility that something bad
or unpleasant (such as an injury or a
loss) will happen (Merriam-Webster)
Caused by hazards.
 RISK
The probability that community
structure or geographic area is to
be damaged or disrupted by the
impact of a particular hazard, on
account of their nature,
construction, and proximity to a
hazardous area.
 Disaster Risk
Risk that is caused by man-made or
natural disasters .
It is the result of hazard, exposure, and
vulnerability.
 Disaster Risk
Simplified Formula
Hazard + Exposure + Vulnerability= Disaster Risk

As defined above, disaster risk has a direct

relationship with hazards, exposure and
vulnerability, with all three combines.

This means that as hazard or exposure or

vulnerability increases, disaster risk also
increases.
 Disaster Risk factors
are variables that either aggravate or
mitigate the effects of hazards,
affecting the degree or scope of a
disaster.
 Disaster Risk factors
1. Physical factors
would pertain to tangible objects or
infrastructure, like the availability of fire
exits, or the sturdiness of the building,
or the presence or absence of objects
that can harm you or help you, etc.
 Disaster Risk factors
2. Psychological factors
include state of mental capacity and
health (e.g. are we dealing with babies?
Kids? Adults? People with special
needs?), perception of self (e.g. self-
assessment of capability to respond to
disasters, fear), etc.
 Disaster Risk factors
3. Socio-cultural factors
include religion, social status,
traditions, perception by society, etc.
 Disaster Risk factors
4. Economic factors
include assets and liabilities, income,
economic class, etc.
(5) Political factors
include government structure,
diplomatic issues, etc.
 Disaster Risk factors
(6) Biological factors
include flora and fauna in environment,
health, diseases, etc.
Reducing Disaster Risk
The Following are measures to reduce
disaster risk:
1. Lessen the rate of vulnerability by
empowering people in DRR.
2. Keep exposure away from hazard by
relocating people and property.
Reducing Disaster Risk
The Following are measures to reduce
disaster risk:
3. Develop disaster preparedness. (ex.
Conduct of drills)
4. Empower people through information
drive and seminars to communities.
ACTIVITY:
Write an essay about how the risk factors concern them
personally.

I. Physical,
II. Psychological,
III. Socio-cultural,
IV. Economic,
V. Political, and
VI. Biological risk factors that either affect or not affect them
 Lesson 3:

Nature of
Disasters
Introduction
Disasters pertain to anything that is
either expected or unexpected, and is
considered distressing that affect any
person including children and adults.
Types of Disasters
Types of disasters are listed by
Adelman and Gray in their book “The
Nature of Disasters”. According to the
authors, there are basically two
different types of disasters: NATURAL
and MAN-MADE.
Types of Disasters

1. Natural Disasters
Any act of nature which results to
distressing effects to life and property.
Ex. of predicted natural disasters-
typhoons and volcanic eruption.
Ex. of unpredicted natural disasters-
earthquake and landslides.
Types of Disasters

1. Natural Disasters
Disaster occurs only when there are
people affected by it who are not
capable of coping with its effect.
In one manner or another, all natural
disasters may cause damage or loss.
Types of Disasters

1. Natural Disasters
10 DEADLISET NATURAL DISASTERS IN
THE PHILIPPINES –source (newsinfo.inquirer,net):
Types of Disasters

2. Man-Made Disasters
Are stressful events caused directly
and primarily by human action.
Examples: Airplane crashes, major
chemical leaks, terrorist attacks and
wars.
Incidence of Man-made disasters in the

Philippines

1. Tubbbataha Reef Damage caused by USS

guardians.
 Lesson 4:
Effects of Disaster
on One’s Life
 Effects of Disaster on
One’s Life
Earthquakes, landslides, typhoons,
tsunamis, and other disasters greatly
affect lives and properties. Aside from
damaged crops, houses, drainage,
buildings, and others, other unperceived
long term effects of disaster are
psychological, emotional, social, and
economic effects.
a. Psychological Effect of Disaster

When a person lives through a disaster,

physical, mental and emotional health can be
disturbed. These are normal reactions.
Home or school may be damaged or
destroyed. Access to electricity or clean water
may be denied. Friends or family members
may be lost. People’s routine may be
disrupted. These changes can have a harmful
effect on psychological health.
a. Psychological Effect of Disaster

Signs and symptoms of psychological

effects of disasters:
1. Fear (charac. By Fear of the dark, being
alone)
2. Shock (show irreg. in breathing, nausea
and confusion)
a. Psychological Effect of Disaster

Signs and symptoms of psychological

effects of disasters:
3. Grief (may show extreme sadness)
4. Irritability (may show sudden burst of
anger)
b. Emotional Effects

May be shown through the acts of victims/

survivors. Some of effects:
1. Feeling of guilt with the thought that had
he/she done something..
2. Feeling of dissatisfaction from the
support coming from loved one’s or govt.
3. Feeling of bitterness for those who
survived or for those who were not actually
affected by it.
c. Physical Effects

1. Sickness like Headaches, fever, cough,

etc.
2. Change in appetite.
3. Poor sleeping condition.
4. Constipation
d. Social Effects

1. Lost of interest in the activity

previously enjoyed by victim.
2. Family may be rebuilt (damayan)
3. Circle of friends will expand
d. Social Effects

Disasters may also result to some social

changes like:
1. After the 1990 earthquake, people became more
religious.
2. After Mt. Pinatubo erupted, the members of
indigenous communities mingled with the people in
the urban areas.
3. The Yolanda disaster in Cebu improves, to the
highest extent, the essence of “BAYANIHAN” in the
Phil.
e. Economic Effects
1. Loss of Job of a family member
2. Loss of business by the merchants
3. Damaged bridges, buildings, and roads,
which will be repaired by the gov’t.
4. Forfeiture of investments from other
countries.
5. Decline of tourism industry due to damage
sceneries.
What are the general effects of disaster to
people?
1. Loss of life
2. Injury
3. Damage to and destruction to property
4. Damage to and destruction of subsistence and
cash crops
5. Disruption of production and lifestyle
6. Loss of livelihood
 When Does a Natural Event/
Hazard becomes a Disaster???
Learning Competency

4. Explain how and when an event becomes a

disaster (DRR11/12-Ia-b-4)
Introduction
Recall on your Earth Science:
Philippines hosts frequent earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions because of its
positions within the “Ring of Fire”
which is at the edge of the most
dynamic tectonic plates.
Introduction
Philippines also lies along the western
edge of the Pacific Ocean which lies
along the natural path of the planet’s
fiercest typhoons.
We certainly cannot prevent volcanic
activities, earthquakes, typhoons, and
landslides from happening.
Introduction
However, natural events do not
automatically become hazards, much less
cause disasters.
 Transformation of a Natural
event into a Disaster
A natural event such as tsunami becomes
a hazard if it poses a threat to people. A
magnitude 6.5 earthquake is usually
strong enough to generate tsunamis that
cold be destructive to nearby coastal
areas.
 Transformation of a Natural
event into a Disaster
The tsunami waves that are about to hit a
beach area with people, animals, tress
and houses are considered as hazard.
After the tsunami hits the populated area,
it is no longer just a hazard but a disaster
with victims and destruction or damage
all over the place.
Synthesis
A disaster happens when the probable
destructive agent, the hazard, hits a vulnerable
populated area.

A natural event like volcanic eruption or tsunami

which hits an uninhabited area does not qualify
as a disaster.

It becomes a disaster only if it hits vulnerable

population and properties- in short if there are
victims.
 Indicate if the following item is a
hazard or disaster:
1. Super Typhoon with storm surge affecting
Leyte.

2. A typhoon passing over a remote and

unpopulated island.

3. A flood in a rural area which floods the roads

but does not affect any houses.

4. A volcano erupting in isolation in the middle of

the Pacific Ocean.