Chapter - 001

Computer Fundamental &

History
 What is Computer?

► Computer is an Electronics
Device, Which accept data,
processing & give me output.

 Charles Babbage is called the Father if the Computer.

 Full Form

Commonly operating
machine particularly
used for technical
educational research.
Characteristics of Computer

► Speed
► Accuracy
► All-rounder Versatility}
► Storage
Types of Computer
► Mini computer
► Micro computer
► Desktop
► Laptop
► palmtop
► notebook
►Mainframe computer
 Function of Computer

Input Processing Output

Microprocessors Monitor
Keyboard , Mouse
Generation of Computers
► First Generation [1942 to 1955]

 First electronic part used for this was

Vacuum tubes.
 Computers invented in this generation
were MARK-1, ENIVAC, EDVAC. IBM 701,
IBM – 702.
 They contained 18000 vacuum tube,
weighed more than 30 tons and occupied
1500 sq.ft.
 Advantage of First Generation

►They were able to perform

thousands of mathematical
operations per minute.
 Disadvantages
►Very expensive to built and
operate.

►Used to get over - heated

 Second Generation [1954 to 1964]

► Transistor were developed in

1947 and implemented for
computers in 1950.
► They are smaller in size
compare to V.T. [Vacuum tube]
 Advantages

► Smaller in size,
►Less Expensive to built,
► much faster & more
dependable
Third Generation [1964 to 1975]
► Basic elements of these
computers was IC [Integrated
Circuits].
► The combine all the parts of
computers in a single silicon chip.
► Mainframe & minicomputer were
made out of these parts only.
 Advantages
► Smaller in size,
► easier to use,
► fast, affordable & consumes
less electricity.
 Forth Generation [1980]
► This generation is already running.
► These are personal computers &
desktop computers used today.
► Which had all the units like
ALU[Arithmatic logic unit], MU
[Memory unit], CU [Control unit]
 Fifth Generation [1990]
► They are still in the
process of invention having
capabilities to type as we
speak.
► These will be the
computers of the future.
 Advantages

► They will be smaller

► They will be work faster.
► less expensive & reliable.
Parts of computer

Hardware Software
 Hardware
► What is Hardware?

 Hardware is a set of physical

Components. We can seen & touch it.

E.g. CPU,Monitor,Keyboard,mouse
 Software
► Software is a computers
logically parts, we can seen it
but don’t touch.
 All types of O/S [operating system]
 XP,Server 2003/2008,Vista,linux
 All types of software like MS office,
Nero,Tally,etc
 Computer parts
► Input devices
► Output devices
► Processing devices
► storage devices
► Power supply
 Input Devices
► Any data, which is fed in the
computer by the user, is known
as the input.

►E.g. Keyboard, Mouse, Digital

camera, Bar code reader, light
pen etc.
 Output devices

► The device that gives

us the processed data
or information is
called OUTPUT.
►E.g. Monitor ,printers
 Processing Devices

► Processing units receive data &

instructions, Store them
temporarily and then process the
data as per the instruction given.
►E.g. Microprocessor
 Processing parts
► Arithmetic logic unit [ALU]
► Memory unit [MU]
► Control unit [CU]

 All the three units together are known as the

central processing unit [CPU]
 Data
► Data is a collection of facts,
figures, statistics that can be
processed to produce meaningful
information.
 File
► File is a collection of any data.

► E.G. iant.rtf [WordPad file]

iant.doc [Microsoft word File]
iant.xls [Microsoft Excel File]
iant.ppt [Microsoft PowerPoint File]
iant.bmp [Mspaint file]
 Desktop
► The screen of windows is called

Desktop.
► It is a collection of Icon, wallpaper,

taskbar etc
Desktop
 Wallpaper

►The background that

appears on the desktop is
called wallpaper.
 Icon

►Graphical symbols or
pictures that appear on the
wallpaper of desktop are
called ICON.
Icon
 Start Menu
► Button which appears at the
corner of the task bar is called
start button.
► It prompts user to start an
application.
Start menu