EAR HISTOLOGY

RATNA FITRI R.
HISTOLOGY LABORATORY
UNISSULA

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 Learning Outcome
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 Explain histology structure of external and middle

ear, and the functions as well.
 Explain histology structure of internal ear, both hear
and balance organs, and the functions as well.
 Able to use microscope properly to identify specific
tissues and parts of ear.

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 Correlation with previous theme
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 Modul Mikroskop dan Jaringan Dasar

 Modul Biopsikososiokultural
 Modul Muskuloskeletal
 Modul Kardiovaskular
 Modul Saraf

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Macroscopy
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Functions
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 Hearing:
 Collects sound and directs it down the ear canal to the
thympanic membrane
 Converts sound pressure wave into mechanical motion of
the thympanic membrane
 Converts mechanical vibrations to electrical impulses

 Balance:
 Perception of head and body motion

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 Three parts of the ear
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 The external ear:

 Auricle (pinna)
 External acoustic meatus

 The middle ear (tymphanic cavity):

 Three auditory ossicles
 Communicate the nasopharynx via eustachian tube

 The inner ear

 Has special receptors for hearing and maintenance of
equilibrium
 Bony labyrinth contains perilymph
 Membranous labyrinth contains endolymph

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External Ear
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 Ceruminous Gland
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 Modified sweat gland

 Secrete waxy material which contains proteins and
peptides:
 Beta defensin 1
 Beta defensin 2
 Cathelicidine
Defense
 Lysozyme
Mechanism
 Lactoferrin
 MUC1
 Secretory component of IgA

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 Ceruminous Gland
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 How it secrete it’s production?

 The apical part of the cell cytoplasm surrounded by a
membrane is pinched off
Image
 Cerumen is composed of:
Secrete from ceruminous glands + sebum + dead epithelial
cells
 Cerumen protects against pathogen and infection
 Hydrophobic

 Acidic

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Tympanic Membrane
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 Tympanic Membrane Histology – cont’d
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 Diameter ±10 mm, 80 micrometers in thickness

 Pars tensa
 Pars flaccida / Shrapnell’s Membrane

 Epithel luar : Squamous Compleks berKeratin. Epithelial turnover nya
berawal dari umbo menujuke tepi.
 Lamina propria : jaringan ikat longgar berisi collagen fibers (tipe II) dan
elastin fibers, berjalan sirkumferen dan radial (sperti jarring laba-laba).
Kandungan kolagen tipe II (seperti pada kartilago) membuat TM menjadi
kaku .
Penghubung epitel dalam maupun luar terhadap lamina propria adalah
membrane basalis (jaringan ikat sub-epidermal)
 Epitel dalam : The mucosal layer is composed of squamous cells (Lim,
1970), which is water resistant. Thus, it protects from bacteria and other
harmful substances. The mucosal layer of the tympanic membrane is also a
continuation of the mucosal layer which lines the tympanic cavity of the
inner ear (Heine, 2004).

-Lim, “Human Tympanic Membrane an Ultrastructural Observation”, Acta Otolaryng, 70: 176-186, 1970
- Heine, Patricia A., “Anatomy of the Ear”, Vet CLin Small Anim, 34: 379-395, 2004 March 12, 2018
 Tympanic Membrane Histology – cont’d
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Jarvis, “Tympanic membrane”, 1996, medical-

dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
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 Tympanic Membrane Histology
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Medicine Decoded, “External Ear Anatomy”, 2009,

http://lessons4medicos.blogspot.com/2008/06/external-ear-
anatomy.html
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Cross sectional drawing of the pars tensa
of the human tympanic membrane.
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Drawing by Nancy Sally (Lim, 1995)

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Tympanic Quadrant and Collagen Fiber
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 Eardrum anatomy and microstructure.

Fay J P et al. PNAS 2006;103:19743-19748

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©2006 by National Academy of Sciences
Now, which side of ears is this? Divide this TM
image into quadrants!
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Middle Ear
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Inner Ear
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 The inner ear
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 Vibrations are transduced by hair cells into specific nerve
impulses via N. VIII
 Has specialized sensory areas:
 Cristae ampullaris
 Maculae
 Organ of corti
 Histologic plan
 Receptor (sensory) hair cell
 Supporting cell
 Afferent and efferent nerve endings at the bases of hair cell
connected to a ganglion
 A gelatinous glycoprotein coat in contact with endolymph and
associated with stereocilia of the hair cells.

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 Endolymph vs Perilymph
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 Endolymph
 Resemble intracellular fluid (High Potassium Low Natrium)

 Produced by Stria Vascularis

 Ended in Endolymph sac

 Perilymph
 Similar to CSF

 The Sources *):

 influx of CSF through the cochlear aqueduct (22%)
 blood flow dependent local production within the cochlea (78%)

*) Kellerhals B., Acta Otolaryngol. 1979 Mar-Apr;87(3-4):370-4. Link

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 The organ of corti
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 The sensory epithelium of the coclea

 Formed by:
 Inner and outer hair cell
 A single line of inner hair cell
 Three parallel rows of outer hair cell
 A hair bundle formed by 50-150 stere0cilia (No kinocilium)

 Supporting cells
 Tectorial membrane
 Inner tunnel

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The inner ear
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Figure 6-40 Low-magnification view of the cochlea showing the scala vestibuli, Reissner's membrane, cochlear duct (scala media), scala tympani, spiral ganglion, and
spiral ligament.

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taken from Sherwood, 2014

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taken from Sherwood, 2014

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taken from Sherwood, 2014

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ORGAN OF CORTI VIDEO

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Figure 6-34 Diagram of the inner ear showing the utricle, saccule, the semicircular canals that join the utricle at swellings called ampullae, and the cochlear duct. (Modified
from Kierszenbaum A. Histology and Cell Biology. Philadelphia, Mosby, 2002, p 253.)

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 VESTIBULAR RECEPTORS :
CRISTA AMPULLARIS AND MACULA
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 CRISTA
 Two types of hair cell :
 Type I  resemble with inner hair cell
 Type II
 Innervated at the base by afferent and efeerent nerve terminal
 Surface of hair cell : a kinocilium and 40-80 stereocilia
 Stereocilia embedded in cupula
 Supporting cells
 MACULA
  conform to the same histologic plan but have different sense
 The gelatinous otolitic membrane. Calcium carbonate crystals make
up the otoconia, which are resuspended on the top of otholitic
membrane.

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Crista Ampularis
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Macula
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QS. Al Insaan:2

QS. As Sajadah:9

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QS. Al Ahqaaf:26

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 Elsevier’s integrated histology

 Netters essential histology
 Histology and cell biology : An introduction to
patthology
 Basic Histology Junqueira 11th edition
 Human Physiology, L. Sherwood 9th edition
 Al Qur’anul Kariim

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Alhamdulillah…

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