PULSE WIDTH

MODULATION
TECHNIQUES
CONTENTS

Definition Pulse width modulation

What is Pulse width modulation
Classification of PWM
Advantages of PWM
Disadvantages PWM
Applications
conclusion
PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

 In this method, a fixed DC input voltage is given to

the inverter and a controlled AC output voltage is
obtained by adjusting the ON and OFF periods of
the inverter elements
WHAT IS PULSE WIDTH MODULATION??

The modulating of width of the pulse by keeping

amplitude as constant.
The different time periods or pulses will be given to
power electronics devices.
Although this modulation technique can be used to
encode information for transmission.
Its main use is to allow the control of the power
supplied to electrical devices, especially to inertial
loads such as motors.
CLASSIFICATION OF PWM

Pulse Width
Modulation

Single Pulse Multiple Pulse Sinusoidal

Width Width Pulse Width
Modulation Modulation Modulation
SINGLE-PULSE WIDTH MODULATION
Single pulse for half cycle generates from this
techniques.
It consists of a pulse located symmetrical about π/2
and another pulse located symmetrical about 3π/2.
The shape of the output voltage is Quasi-Square wave.
CONTD.,

Great deal of harmonic content is introduced in the output voltage.

The amplitude of harmonic content is 0.33 units.
Very poor performance at lower voltages.
MULTIPLE-PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

It is an extension to single pulse width modulation.

More pulses will exist in an half cycle.
The width of every single pulse is same.

Triangular wave

Trigger
Trigger pulse
Comparator pulses to
generator
scr

Square wave
CONTD.,

lower order harmonics are

eliminated.
The magnitude of higher harmonics
would go up.
This has more applications than
single-pulse width modulation in
olden days.
SINUSOIDAL PULSE WIDTH MODULATION

Pulses will have

different widths.
The width of the
individual pulse will
be decided
according to the
angular position of
sine wave.
CONTINUE

Height of the pulse is kept as constant

Odd multiple of 3 and even harmonics are suppressed
Popularly accepted pulse width modulation technique.
ADVANTAGES

Less THD(Total Harmonic Distortion).

Power loss in switching devices are low.
Due to its ON/OFF nature it can be set to needed duty cycle.
Less computation of time.
DISADVANTAGES OF ABOVE
PWM TECHNIQUES

 Lesser utilization of DC supply voltage.

 Lower modulation index
 Less flexibility
 Difficult in manipulation
 APPLICATIONS

Power converters
Motor control
Ac machines control
UPS
Low power applications
CONCLUSION

Still a lot of research is going on this

SPWM.
It should be available with low cost
for household purpose.