Introduction

Gender issues in development and disasters are relatively well established and have been
acknowledged globally at the highest levels.

Gender equality refers to equal rights, responsibilities and opportunities for women and men in
policy making and programmes where the interests, concerns and needs of both genders are
equally considered and met.

At the global level, available information shows that efforts to promote gender equality in DRR
have focused on advocacy and/or awareness-raising, along with support for policy changes and
gender mainstreaming in inter-governmental processes.

Objectives of the Study

Some objectives of this study are given below:-

 Gender aspects and vulnerability: social, physical and psychological.

 Gender specific needs during disaster and violation of gender rights.

 Gender Aspects and Vulnerability in Social Concept

Some impacts of social vulnerability on gender are given below:-

 Increasing gender discrimination in the society

 Women are more vulnerable than men in the society
 Social bonding is weaken for social vulnerability results social & political
conflicts is increasing day by day
 Increasing social crime in the society
 Decrease job opportunity
 Increasing malnutrition in the society results disease breaks out
 Increasing violence
 Violence is increasing in the society for social vulnerability
Gender Aspects and Vulnerability in Physical Concept

Some impacts of Physical vulnerability on gender are given

below:-
 Increasing death in the during disaster periods
 Peoples are also injured in this situation
 Diseases outbreak in the post disaster period
 Structural damage is increasing in the catastrophic situation
 Migration rate is also increasing for that reasons
 Results of increasing death human resource are damaged
Gender Aspects and Vulnerability in Psychological Concept
Some impacts of Psychological vulnerability on gender are given below:-

 Among men and women psychophysiological effects such as fatigue, gastrointestinal

upset, and tics, as well as cognitive signs such as confusion, impaired concentration, and
attention deficits are seen in the society.
 As well as psychological impacts include emotional signs such as anxiety, depression, and
grief. They also include behavioral effects such as sleep and appetite changes, ritualistic
behavior, and substance abuse.
 Few disaster victims require psychiatric diagnosis and most benefit more from a crisis
counseling orientation than from a mental health treatment orientation, especially if their
normal social support networks of friends, relatives, neighbors, and coworkers remain
largely intact.
 These include children, frail elderly, and people with pre-existing mental illness, racial and
ethnic minorities, and families of those who have died in the disaster.
 Gender Specific Needs During Disasters
 Ensure that disaster risk reduction is a national and a local priority with a strong institutional basis
for implementation.
 Identify, assess and monitor disaster risks and enhance early warning.
 Use knowledge, innovation and education to build a culture of safety and resilience at all levels.
 Reduce the underlying risk factors
 Strengthen disaster preparedness for effective response at all levels.

Violation of Gender Rights

Some rights against violation are discussed below:-

 Reducing workplace inequalities around the world

 Skewed gender ratios
 Struggle against violence
 Changing marriage and divorce system
 Ensuring quality education for women
 Conclusion
In conclusion, we suggest choosing three fields of action: the political field, the
economic field and the sphere of well-being. The political field includes decision making
processes and women’s participation in local councils, their representation in local
groups and the power they are assigned to influence decisions.

The second field of action encompasses questions on household income and distribution
as well as how decisions on consumption, investment and spending are negotiated. This
analysis includes scenarios of changing income and other factors of transformation. The
participation of household members in local economies is scrutinized, and so are
structures of subsidies, taxes and other fiscal practices.

We like to address the third field as the field of well-being. This includes social
protection, access to health and education. Questions on gender based violence and the
relation between generations will be addressed in an intersectional perspective.