INTRODUCTION

All Buildings have some form of mechanical and

electrical services in order to provide the facilities
necessary for maintaining a comfortable working
environment. These services have to be controlled by
some means to ensure comfort conditions. Basic
controls take the form of manual switching, time
clocks or temperature switches. Here if Building
Management System (BMS), is introduced, we are able
to get a comfortable working environment in an
efficient way.

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 What is a Building Automation System?

Building automation systems (BAS) are

networks of microprocessor controls that:

=> control the climate in the building

=> supervise and control the heating, ventilation,
and air conditioning equipment
=> perform facility management (generate
reports, graphs and annunciate alarms when
there is a problem)
=> perform energy management strategies to
reduce operating and energy costs.
=> integrate building systems such as security,
fire alarm, lighting controls, etc.
Intelligent Buildings Technologies can
incorporate:
• Fire and life safety systems
• Heating ventilating and air
conditioning (HVAC)
• Elevators and escalators
• Access control systems and security
systems
• Lighting management
• Energy management systems
• Telecommunications
• IT infrastructure
• Community infrastructure
• End user services
What is an Intelligent Building?
What is BMS ?

central controlling facility

automate and take control of various operations
manage all the systems
coordinate the various systems
provide a comfortable working environment in an
efficient way.
Its purpose is to control, monitor and optimize
building services
e.g., lighting; heating & cooling; security ; audio-
visual and entertainment systems; ventilation and
climate control; time & attendance control and
reporting

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 Intelligent Buildings Technology

General Architecture

Central Unit

Local Local Local

Controller Controller Controller

Sensors Actuators Sensors Actuators Sensors Actuators

8 Building Management System Panel (BMS)
 With the usage of various building automation
techniques the energy efficiency is possible
With the help of occupancy sensors provided in various
areas of the building, the service plants can be
brought into operation only when needed and also to
the optimum, thereby leading to huge energy savings

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 INTELLIGENT SAFETY SYSTEMS

Life safety factors involved in Intelligent Buildings

are:
Closed-circuit television
Card access control
Smoke detection
Emergency control of elevator, doors ,HVAC system

UPS
‘Data access’ security

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11 Automatic fire sprinkler
 PASSIVE INFRARED OCCUPANCY SENSORS (PIR):

Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensor turns lights on and

off based on the occupancy.
When the PIR sensor detects a change in the infrared
heat radiated within the controlled area, lighting
systems are switched ON. When occupants leave the
area, lighting is switched OFF after the user adjustable
time delay elapses.

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13 Passive Infrared Occupancy Sensor
 LIGHTING CONTROL

With the help of a light dimming device its possible to

control the intensity of lights especially when its
requirement becomes less. This can be made possible
by suitably integrating the lighting systems with the
BMS through sensors by which it is also possible to
turn off the lights automatically when its not needed.
Hence there is the economy in using the building.

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Graphical User Interface
Alarm Logging & Notification
Trend Logs & Charts
Energy Reporting
IB @ Work

Major systems
Building automation system (BAS)
Office automation system (OAS)
Communication automation system (CAS)
Criteria
Business value/benefits
Efficiency
Effectiveness
IB @ Home

Present technology
Phones and intercoms
Home automation
Audio distribution (e.g. hi-fi speaker)
Video distribution (e.g. TV)
Video surveillance (e.g. security)
Structured wiring
Home theater, game station
IB @ Home

Future home
Home networking
Internet appliances
Webcam, web phones
e-books, video walls
Home office
Virtual clinic/hospital
……
 pbp
Facility Manager

On Site Remote
(Mobile)

Enterprise

Energy Work
Management Orders
Network
Management

Climate
Inventory Space Access Security
Control
Planning Control Servers

Energy+Comfort Assets People IT

Performance Building Partnership

 Tomorrow's energy efficient buildings will
require additional processing power at all
levels of its infrastructure

Service
Site engineer provider
MV/LV Energy (ASP)
transformer management
Building expert
station
automation Remote
access

Maintenance
engineer

Main LV Main LV
switchboard Switchboard

LV
panel

Ultra terminal devices

Computer Process Control System

Transformation Process

Continuous and Discrete Continuous and Discrete

Parameters Variables

Actuators Sensors

DAC ADC
Computer
Controller
Output Devices Input Devices
Sensors

Stimulus (s) Signal (S)

Physical Sensing Conditioning Target

Medium Element Handling

Temperature Resistance Voltage Information

Transducers
Micro-sensors 10-6m
Sensors

A sensor is a transducer that converts a physical stimulus

from one form into a more useful form to measure the
stimulus
Two basic categories:

 Analog
 Digital (e.g., pulse counter) Ultrasonic
(distance)

Light
(light intensity)
Sound Touch
(db pressure)
Actuators

Hardware devices that convert a controller command

signal into a change in a physical parameter
The change is usually mechanical (e.g., position or
velocity)
An actuator is also a transducer because it changes one
type of physical quantity into some alternative form
An actuator is usually activated by a low-level command
signal, so an amplifier may be required to provide
sufficient power to drive the actuator.
Types of Actuators
Electrical actuators

 DC servomotors
 AC motors
 Stepper motors

Hydraulic actuators
Use hydraulic fluid to amplify the controller command signal
Pneumatic actuators
Use compressed air as the driving force
1) Discuss the various components of a Building
Automation System. Define the terms sensors,
controllers and actuators.
2) Discuss how an intelligent building can be energy
efficient