Simple Present Tense

The simple present tense in English is used to describe an

action that is regular, true or normal.

We use the present tense:

1. For repeated or regular actions in the present time
period
2. For facts.
3. For habits.
4. For things that are always / generally true.
 A. NOMINAL SENTENCE
Form: Subject + To Be (Is/Am/Are) + Object
1. Positive
Example:
 I’m busy at a moment
 She is a teacher

Form: Subject + To Be (Is/Am/Are) + Not + Object

2. Negative
Example:
 I’m not busy at a moment
 She is not a teacher

Form: To Be (Is/Am/Are) + Subject + Compliment

3. Introgative
Example:
 Are you busy at a moment?
 Is she a teacher?
 B. VERB SENTENCE
Form: I/You/We/They + Verb-1 + Compliment
He/She/It + Verb-1 +-s/-es + Compliment
1. Positive
Example:
 I play tennis every week
 He goes to school everyday

Form: I/You/They/We + Do + Not + Verb-1 + Compliment

He/She/It + Does + Not + Verb-1 + Compliment
2. Negative
Example:
 I do not play tennis every week
 He does not go to school everyday

Do + I/You/They/We+ Verb-1 + Compliment

Form:
Does + She/He/It + Verb-1 + Compliment
3. Introgative
Example:
 Do you play tennis every week?
 Does he go to school every week?
The spelling for the verb in the third person differs depending on the
ending of that verb:

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z we add -ES in
the third person.
 Go – goes
• Do – does.. Etc

2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove the Y and add -IES.
• Study – studies
• Carry – carries.. Etc

NOTE: For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.

 play – plays
 enjoy – enjoys
 say – says.. Etc

Adverb of time: always, never, often, usually, everyday

 Simple Past Tense
The simple past is used to talk about a completed
action in a time before now. Duration is not
important. The time of the action can be in the recent
past or the distant past.

We used simple present tense:

1. For show an action in the past at certain time
2. Used in conditional type-2
3. To explain an event/action clearly even if the time
is not mentioned
 A. NOMINAL SENTENCE
Form: Subject + To Be (Was/Were) + Compliment
1. Positive
Example:
 I was very busy last night
 We were in Bandung yesterday

Form: Subject + To Be (Was/Were) + Not + Compliment

2. Negative
Example:
 I was not very busy last night
 We were not in Bandung yesterday

Form: To Be (Was/Were) + Subject + Compliment)

3. Introgative
Example:
 Was I very busylast night?
 Were we in Bandung yesterday?
 B. VERB SENTENCE
Form:
subject + verb 2 + Compliment
1. Positive
Example:
 I studied english two days ago
 He wrote letter last night

Subject + Did + Not + Verb-1 + Compliment

Form:

2. Negative
Example:
 I did not study english two days ago
 He did not write letter last night

Did + Subject + Verb-1 + Compliment

Form:

3. Introgative
Example:
 Did I study english two days ago?
 Did he write letter last night?

Adverb of time: yesterday, last week, just now, two days ago, last night.
 NOUN
Identifying a Noun

A noun is a part of speech that denotes a person, animal, place, thing, or

idea. The English word noun has its roots in the Latin word nomen, which means
“name.” Every language has words that are nouns. As you read the following
explanations, think about some words that might fit into each category.

 Person – A term for a person, whether proper name, gender, title, or class, is a
noun.
 Animal – A term for an animal, whether proper name, species, gender, or class
is a noun.
 Place – A term for a place, whether proper name, physical location, or general
locale is a noun.
 Thing – A term for a thing, whether it exists now, will exist, or existed in the
past is a noun.
 Idea – A term for an idea, be it a real, workable idea or a fantasy that might
never come to fruition is a noun.
How Nouns Function
Nouns have several important functions. While it’s impossible to list
them all here, we’ll go over the most important jobs nouns are tasked
with.
 Nouns are subjects. Every sentence has a subject, which is a noun
that tells us what that sentence is all about. John swung the baseball
bat.
 Nouns are direct objects. These nouns receive action from verbs.
John swung the baseball bat.
 Nouns are indirect objects. These nouns receive the direct object.
Brad threw John the ball.
 Nouns are objects of prepositions. These nouns follow the
prepositions in prepositional phrases. John swung the baseball bat
at Greg.
 Nouns are predicate nominatives. These nouns follow linking
verbs and rename the subject. John is a baseball player.
 Nouns are object complements. These nouns complete the direct
object. They named their dog Max.
 VERB
A verb is one of the main parts of a sentence or question in English.
The verb signals an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.
Whether mental, physical, or mechanical, verbs always express
activity.

Physical Verbs – Definition and Examples

Physical verbs are action verbs. They describe specific physical
actions. If you can create a motion with your body or use a tool to
complete an action, the word you use to describe it is most likely a
physical verb.

Physical Verb Examples

The physical verb examples in the following sentences are in bold
for easy identification.
 Let’s run to the corner and back.
 I hear the train coming.
 Call me when you’re finished with class.
Mental Verbs – Definition and Examples

Mental verbs have meanings that are related to concepts such as discovering, understanding,
thinking, or planning. In general, a mental verb refers to a cognitive state.

Mental Verb Examples

The mental verb examples in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification
 I know the answer.
 She recognized me from across the room.
 Do you believe everything people tell you?

States of Being Verbs – Definition and Examples

Also known as linking verbs, state of being verbs describe conditions or situations that exist.
State of being verbs are inactive since no action is being performed. These verbs are usually
complemented by adjectives.

States of Being Verb Examples

The state of being verbs in the following sentences are in bold for easy identification.
 I am a student.
 We are circus performers.
 Please is quiet.
Types of Verbs

How many types of verbs are there? In addition to the main categories of physical verbs,
mental verbs, and state of being verbs, there are several other types of verbs. In fact, there
are more than ten different types of verbs that are grouped by function.

List of all Verb Types

Action Verbs
Action verbs express specific actions, and are used any time you want to show action or
discuss someone doing something.

Transitive Verbs
Transitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. These verbs always
have direct objects, meaning someone or something receives the action of the verb.

Intransitive Verbs
Intransitive verbs are action verbs that always express doable activities. No direct object
follows an intransitive verb.

Auxiliary Verbs
Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs, and are used together with a main verb to
show the verb’s tense or to form a question or negative.
Stative Verbs
Stative verbs can be recognized because they express a state rather than an action.
They typically relate to thoughts, emotions, relationships, senses, states of being,
and measurements.

Modal Verbs
Modal verbs are auxiliary verbs that are used to express abilities, possibilities,
permissions, and obligations.

Phrasal Verbs
Phrasal verbs aren’t single words; instead, they are combinations of words that are
used together to take on a different meaning to that of the
original verb.

Irregular Verbs
Irregular verbs are those that don’t take on the regular spelling patterns of past
simple and past participle verbs

Regular Verbs
Past tense and participant can be added by the suffix-ed