Compiled by. Rsida Muli, S.

Pd
Characteristics :
1. The triploblastic coelomate animal
2. Its body is bilateral symmetry and not segmented
3. In general is covered by shell which is also made of
lime substance (to protect inner organs)
4. Can be found in sea water, fresh water and land.
5. All have mantle.
6. Has muscled structure caled ‘leg’ which has shape and
function different for each class
7. Its body excretes mucus to help walking
8. Reproduce by sexual with internal fertilization
9. Some hove monoceous and some have dioceous
 Amphineura
Characteristics :
1. Live in the sea and beach.
2. Its abdomen leg stick to rock.
3. Gills is found in mantle cavity.
4. In dorsal area, its body covered by mantle
which is equiped by eight slim plates.
5. In its life cycle make trochopores larvae.
Example :Chiton
 Gastropoda
Characteristics :
1. Called ‘Snail’
2. Has wide legged and flat so they make ‘abdomen leg’
3. Live on land and water
4. Has a slip of spiral shape, but several which have no slip many live on the land often called
‘naked snail’
5. Hermaphroditic, but never happen self fertilization
6. Land gastropoda : breathe by using lung, egg has shell (skin).
Water gastropoda : breathe by using gills, egg is released one by one or in group in the
substance like gelatine (many egg crack in uterus /ovoviviparous)
7. Adfvantage Role : useful for food source and as decomposer.
Harmful Role : can destroy agricultural plant and also become vector of disease
Antomy of Gastropoda
 Scaphopoda
Characteristics :
1. Has shell in the shape of fang
or trumpet with both end opened
2. Live in the sea on muddy beach

For example :
Dentalium sp.
 Pelecypoda
Characteristics :
1. Has shell consist of two parts, those two parts are connected by a kind of handle
2. Has leg og of flat shape such as axe
3. Breathe by using gills (bronchia) of sheets
4. The shell consist of three layers, that is :
a. Periostracum is the outest layer formed by chiti substance (has function as
protector layer)
b. Prism is the second layer, consist of calcite crystal of prism shape
c. Nacre is the third layer, consist of parallel thin layers from calcite (carbonate)
5. The kind of Pelecypoda which can produce pearl, that is pearl oyster.
Anatomy of Pelecypoda
 Cephalopoda
Characteristics :
1. Has clear head and big eye
2. Muscular leg is modified to be hand,
tentacle around mouth, and funnel which
is excretion cannal from mantle cavity
3. Commonly has ink sac
4. Advantage : link in food chain, can be food fot human
5. Example
Nautilus (has complete shell)
ECHINODERMATA
Compiled by. Rsida Muli, S.Pd
 General Characteristics of Echinodermata
1. Echinodermata means animal which spiny skin
2. The triploblastic coelomate animal
3. Its body is radially symmetrical and is divided into five parts
4. Its skeleton is lime plate which is found in skin, and commonly has thorns
5. Its digestive system is already complete although in some Echinodermata its anus is functionless
6. Move by using ambulacral leg
7. - Asexual reproduction : by regeneration or cell division
- Sexual reproduction : by fertilization happening in the sea water
8. Bippinaria (larvae which has shape bilaterally symmetrical and can swim free)
9. All live in the sea, are sedentary or live in one place
10. Its food is the remain of the death organism or another smaller organism
11. Adventages role : as food material and as cleaner because they eat corpse or the remain of another animal
Harmfull role : can destroy coral animal
 Asteroidea
Characteristics :
1. The shape of this animal like the star or pentagon
2. Under surface is called oral surface :
found mouth and ambulacral leg
3. While upper surface is called aboral surface :
found anus and madreporit (hole which has
filter that connect sea water
vascular system and sex hole)
Example : various kind of sea water
Asteroidea
 Echinoidea
Characteristics :
1. The kind of this animal is almost round or flat, its body has no hand.
2. Skeleton has compund from lime substance and commonly have thorns.
3. In oral surface is found mouth which is equipped by hand to take food
called Aristoteles lantern.
4. In aboral surface is found anus, madreporit, and sex hole.
Example : porcupine and pig hair.
 Ophiuroidea
Characteristics :
1. Its body has five hand which can be moved.
2. Active at night.
3. Oral : mouth and masdreporit. Has no anus.
4. Its food is shrimp, Mollusca, corpse of animal and another dead
organism.
5. Live in the shallow sea until deep sea.
Example : Snake star
 Crinoidea
Characteristics :
1. Has five hands with branches.
2. Its shape can be like lily flower, bakung flower,
or bird feather.
3. Oral : mouth and anus, but has no madreporit.
4. Aboral : calix and stalk or calix on only.
5. Live by sticking to the seabed and form sea park,
although has ability to swim freely.
6. The kind of Crinoidea which are found has become fosil.
Example : Sea lily
 Holothuroidea
Characteristics :
1. The shape is long or like cucumber.
2. Its body is flexible and soft because its skeleton
is reduced into lime grains in the skin.
3. Around the mouth is found branched tentacle
(tentacle is connected with water vascular system).
4. Moves by using three row of vascular leg found under surface
5. Breathe : by using two row of dorsal vascular leg,
and hasrespiration organ called water lung.
6. Live in the seabed or hidden in the mud or sand.
Example : Trepang and Sea cucumber