JOURNAL READING

2016 ESC Guidelines for the Diagnosis and

Treatment of Acute and Chronic Heart Filure

Disusun Oleh :
Pembimbing : dr. Lusito Anisa Fauziah
30101306874
Publikasi
 DEFINITION
• HF is a clinical syndrome characterized by typical
symptoms (e.g. breathlessness and fatigue) that
may be accompanied by signs (e.g.ankle swelling,
elevated jugular venous pressure, pulmonary
crackles and peripheral oedema) caused by a
structural and/or functional cardiac abnormality,
resulting in a reduced cardiac output and / or
elevated intracardiac pressures at rest or during
stress.
Terminology
 Terminology related to the symptomatic severity
of Heart Failure

• The NYHA functional classification (has been used to

describe the severity of symptoms and exercise
intolerance. However, symptom severity correlates
poorly with many measures of LV function; although
there is a clear relationship between the severity of
symptoms and survival, patients with mild symptoms
may still have an increased risk of hospitalization and
death.
Class Patient Symptoms

No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue,
I
palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath).

Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Ordinary physical activity results
II
in fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea (shortness of breath).

Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest. Less than ordinary activity
III
causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea.

Unable to carry on any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of heart failure at
IV
rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort increases.
ETIOLOGY
 Epidemiology
• The prevalence of HF depends on the definition applied, but is
approximately 1–2% of the adult population in developed
countries, rising to ≥10% among people .70 years of age.14 – 17
Among people. 65 years of age presenting to primary care with
breathlessness on exertion, one in six will have unrecognized HF
(mainly HFpEF).18,19 The lifetime risk of HF at age 55 years is
33% for men and 28% for women.16 The proportion of patients
with HFpEF ranges from 22 to 73%, depending on the definition
applied, the clinical setting (primary care, hospital clinic,
hospital admission), age and sex of the studied population,
previous myocardial infarction and the year of publication.
Algorithm for the
diagnosis of Heart
Failure
Cardiac imaging
Cardiac imaging
Other diagnostic tests
Other diagnostic tests
Delaying or preventing the development of overt heart failure
or preventing death before the onset of symptoms
Pharmacological treatment of
heart failure
 Definition

• AHF refers to rapid onset or worsening of symptoms

and/or signs of HF. It is a life-threatening medical
condition requiring urgent evaluation and treatment,
typically leading to urgent hospital admission.
Education
Terima Kasih 