EVALUATION OF TOOL LIFE

AND CUTTING FORCES IN

CRYOGENIC MACHINING
OF HARDENED STEEL

SUBMITTING BY GUIDED BY
VISHNU.V SANDEEP SOMAN
AFAOEME073
 LIST OF CONTENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• EXPERIMENTATION
• RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
• CONCLUSION
• REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

• Machining of hardened steel under influence of convectional

coolant results in reduction of tool life and poor surface finish
• The reduction of tool life is attributed to increases in
temperature at tool work inference
• Cryogenic coolant are employed to decrease the temperature
at tool work inference
• As Li nitrogen is colorless , nontoxic and rapidly gets
vapourizes so that the Li nitrogen is considered as
environmental friendly
 INTRODUCTION

• Benefits of cryogenic machining are mainly by reduction in cutting

temperature which improves chip tool interaction and maintain
sharpness of cutting edge
• Cryogenic cooling was effective in bringing down the cutting
temperature that results reduction in flank wear
• Results shows 10-20 % reduction in cutting forces
• 3-5 fold increase in tool life at high speed steel tools as compared to dry
And wet cooling
EXPERIMENTATION

• The EN-24 steel of size ⌀ 60*180mm was selected as work

piece material
• Machining hardened steel using advanced materials such
as multilayer coated carbide tools at higher speeds
• Taegutec was selected as cutting tool and to hold the
coated carbide tool
• The tool holder along with a coated carbide insert was
mounted on 3-component dynamometer
EXPERIMENTATION
EXPERIMENTATION

• Dynamometer was mounted cross slide on lathe

• Liquid nitrogen was used as cryogenic coolant
• The cutting test were carried out 125,160,200 mm/min while
feed rate & dof maintained at 0.1mm/rev
• Tangential force were recorded in oscilloscope
• Flank wear was measured by optical microscope
RESULTS

1 . SEM OF TOOL INSERT

• Edge and rake surface of tool stays clean during cryogenic
machining but build up edge is larger in flood machining
• The presence of buildup edge is due to larger chip formation
which increase the temperature
• Cryogenic machining cooled the work piece surface has
better finish
RESULTS
RESULTS

2.TOOL LIFE
• Fig shows ,the tool life reduces with the increase in the
cutting speed
• At all speeds, the cryogenic coolant yields better tool life
• There is a improvement in tool life of 22.46% , 35.74% &
38.60% at cutting speed of 125,160 & 200 m/min
respectively
RESULTS
RESULTS

3.CUTTING FORCES
• It was observed that the cutting increase with the increase in
cutting speed in convectional and cryogenic coolant
• Cutting force of cryogenic coolant is significantly less than
convectional coolant
• The reduction in tangential force is 15.42% , 8.28% , 7.58%
at 125 , 160 , 200m/min respectively
RESULTS
CONCLUSION

• There is a improvement in tool life by 22.46%, 35.46

%, 38.46 % in cryogenic over convectional coolant at
cutting speed of 125,160,200 respectively
• The influence of cryogenic cooling reduces the cutting
force by 15.42 % , 8.22 % , 7.58 % at
125,160,200m/min respectively
REFERENCES
1. Federico M Aneiro,Reginaldo T . Coelhoa ”Turning hardened steel using
coated carbide at high cutting speeds”. J of the Braz.Soc. Of Mech.Sci And
engg

2. N.R. Dhar, S. Paul And A.B Chattopadhyay,a”Machining of AISI 4140 steel

under cryogenic cooling tool wear, surface roughness and dimensional
deviation, "Journal of materials processing technology

3. N.R Dhar and M.Kamruzzaman ”Cutting temperature ,tool wear, surface

roughness and dimensional deviation in turning AISI 4037 under cryogenic
condition”

4. K.A Venugopal , S Paul And AB Chattopadhayay, ” growth of tool wear in

turning of Ti 6Al 4v alloy under cryogenic cooling,”

5. ISO Tool life testing with single point turning

6. Ghosh R Zurecki z And frey J H ,”cryogenic machining with brittle tools And
effects on tool life”
THANK YOU