Autism

BY KHANG LE
Definition and Signs of ADHD
 Definition
1. Attention deficit hyperactivity
disorder (ADHD) is a problem when
some people have with
inattentiveness, impulsiveness,
and/or hyperactivity
2. When the problem is predominantly
an issue with attention span rather
than hyperactivity and impulsivity, it
is called attention deficit disorder, or
ADD
 Signs
 hyperactive and impulsive behavior:
 difficulty remaining seated,
 difficulty waiting,
 being restless,
 talking excessively
 concentrating on tasks (ignoring or
avoiding distractions, completing tasks
in a timely manner, engaging in an
activity close to others without
distracting them, engaging in an
activity at an appropriate and
consistent pace)
 interacting with others (cooperating
with others, maintaining friendships,
handling conflicts with others)
 adapting or managing oneself
(controlling one’s behavior, protecting
oneself from harm, setting goals,
adapting to changes)
Definition of Autism

 Definition:  Symptoms in Autism

 Autism is a neurodevelopmental  Social interaction impairment
disorder that affects
 Communication impairment
communication and social
interaction skills. Autism is thought  Restricted, repetitive pattern of
to be present from birth and is behaviors.
usually recognized by three years  Lack of Focus or Concentration
of age.
 Limited activity, focus, and interest
 Not everyone with autism displays
the same behaviors. There are  Self Injury Behaviors (SIB)
many signs of autism and they
may be experienced by varying
degrees; severe autism is
considered a disability
 Social Interaction Signs

 Individuals with autism tent not to focus on human faces or voices.

 They tend neither to look at their caregivers, nor to establish “ joint
attention” with them in order to create shared experiences.
 They have great difficulty interpreting what they see and hear
 They are said to have mindblindness -- that is, they lack the ability to
take another’s perspective, to “read” where they are coming from,
and to respond in kind.
Communication Signs

 Lack of responsiveness or unusual gestures.

At least one-third of autistic individuals do not develop speech and
communication enough to meet the needs of daily life.
 Deficits in using communication for social purposes, such as greeting
and sharing information, in a manner that is appropriate for the
social context
 Difficulties following rules for conversation and storytelling, such as
taking turns in conversation, rephrasing when misunderstood, and
knowing how to use verbal and nonverbal signals to regulate
interaction
 Restricted, repetitive pattern of
behaviors
 Purposeless movement such as rocking, head rolling, hand flapping,
and other movements.
 Compulsive behavior such as rearranging objects and needing to
control the physical environment
 Needing to do things the same way and at the same time every
day and resisting change in the environment.
 Limited activity, focus, and interest is also a symptom of autism, as
well as self-injury, such as biting oneself, pulling hair, and other self-
injury activities. None of these symptoms are specific to autism, but
these behaviors are often present, severe, and reoccurring