PREPARED BY

EDWIN TAN AI YANG

• Fallacy is invalid or faulty reasoning in construction of
argument
• It is deceptive by appearing to be better than it really is.
• 4 kinds:-
fallacy of inconsistency
fallacy of inappropriate presumption
fallacy of relevance
fallacy of insufficiency
• Minor action can lead to something
major
Example:
You can never give anyone a break. If
you do, they will walk all over you.
• When you attempt to make an argument by beginning with
an assumption that what you are trying to prove is true

• Example
It should be okay to destroy property when you are angry
because angry people destroys things.
Bible is true, so you should not doubt the Word of God
Earth is flat, because NASA or government always lies.
• Any evidence that supports an opposing
argument is simply rejected, omitted or
ignored.
Example:
Summer is the best season because it is warm,
everything is green, window can be opened,
etc
• Note the specific fallacy mentally and then use questions to
show the person the problem, without name dropping the
specific fallacy

• Help the person to see the problem with their reasoning