EXTRACTION AND SETTLEMENT

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 INTRODUCTION
Extraction:
Process of separating two materials by contacting them with other
material which will dissolve or take into solution one of the first two
material but not the other.

Why we need extraction???

 It is impractical to separate 2 chemicals by distillation where the
boiling points of the materials are very close to each other.
 Many chemicals decompose or degrade when heated to boiling point.
Extraction can be carried out at reasonable temperature and act as
alternative in processing heat sensitive material.
 Component of mixture to be separated is present in a very low
concentration.

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TYPE OF EXTRACTION PROCESS

Washing Leaching

Extraction

Extractive
Liquid- distillation
Liquid
Extraction

Precipitative
Extraction

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PRINCIPLE OF LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION

 Separation of a component (solute) from a liquid

solution(feed) by contact with a liquid solvent that is
immiscible with the solution (raffinate) to be left behind.
 The driving force in extraction is the solubility difference of a
component between the solution and the solvent.

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 DESCRIPTION OF THE BASIC
PROCESS
 Extraction consist of:
1. Feed : contains 2 or more miscible component that are to be
separated
2. Solvent:contains dissolved component called solute.
3. Raffinate: The feed after the removal of the extracted
component

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 PROCESS VARIABLE IN
EXTRACTION
 Temperature
•cause change in solubility of the solute and in the densities of
the liquids
•effect the solvent capacity to extract the solute.
 Solubility
•when a solution of two or more component is brought into
contact with another immiscible component, a change in
distribution of all component takes place. The split is
controlled by the mutual solubility of the component among
themselves.
 Solvent to feed ratio
•with a fixed ratio , the amount of solute extracted is also fixed.
•one pound of solvent will extract just so much solute from one
pound of feed and no more. Two pounds of solvents per pound
per feet will extract more solute from the feed.

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 SETTLING( DECANTATION)

 Decantation takes advantages of

the immiscibility or lack of mutual
solubility between the liquids and
density difference.
 Work best when density difference
between liquids to be separated is
large and mutual solubility is
small.
 Tank divided by 3 sections by two
vertical baffles .One baffle
separates a section of decanter by
a seal at the bottom but allows
overflow at the top. The second
baffle is open at the bottom for
underflow but provide the seal at
the top to prevent overflow.
 An interface is formed between
light and heavy phase as the
separation take place.
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MULTISTAGE EXTRACTION

 Co-Current Extraction

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MULTISTAGE EXTRACTION

 Countercurrent Extraction