Professional Documents
Culture Documents
GENERATOR
FOR
WIND
POWER
GENERATION
OUTLINES
INTRODUCTION
HISTORY
WIND TURBINES
TERMINOLOGIES USED
WORKING
CONTROLLING
ADVANTAGES OF VARIABLE SPEED
GENERATION
WHY INDUCTION GENERATOR?
ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES OF WIND
ENERGY
APPLICATIONS
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Wind turbines convert the kinetic energy present
in the wind into mechanical energy by means of
producing torque.
Large scale wind power projects are an attractive
alternative to conventional capacity expansion.
In the present scenario , most wind turbine
manufacturers now equip power generating units
by induction generators.
They are operated either at fixed speed or
variable speed.
Generators driven by fixed speed turbines can
directly be connected to grid.
Variable speed generators need a power
electronic converter interface for interconnection
with the grid.
Variable speed generation is preferred over fixed
speed generation.
HISTORY
In 200 B.C., in ancient
Persia , the earliest
windmills were used to grind
grain.
These early devices
consisted of one or more
vertically-mounted wooden
beams , on the bottom of
which was a grindstone,
attached to a rotating shaft
that turned with the wind.
Starting in the 11th century
A.D. , European crusaders
brought the concept and
developed the DUTCH type
wind mill.
The first automatically
operating wind turbine for
electricity generation.
It was built by Charles F.
Brush in 1887-1888 in his
backyard.
Charles’s 60 foot , 80,000
pounds turbine supplied 12
kW power to 350
incandescent lights.
Its rotor was 17 meters in
diameter.
WIND TURBINES
Wind turbines convert wind energy to electricity for
distribution.
Aerodynamic modeling is used to determine the
optimum tower height, control systems, number of blades
and blade shape.
Wind turbines are generally classified depending on
their axis of rotation as:
-Horizontal axis type,
-Vertical axis type.
The horizontal axis types generally have better
performance.
A quantitative measure of the wind power available at
any location is called Wind Power Density(WPD).
Commercial wind farms generally produce a WPD of 400
watts/square meter.
HORIZONTAL AXIS WIND TURBINE VERTICAL AXIS WIND TURBINE
AALBORG-TURBINE DARRIEUS-WINDMILL
The ROTOR component : Its approx 20% of the wind turbine
cost, includes the
.
blade for converting wind energy to low
speed rotational energy.
YAW SYSTEM: THEY PERFORM THE TASK OF ORIENTING THE ROTOR IN THE
DIRECTION OF WIND.
.
SHAFT SYSTEM: THE WIND TURBINE SHAFT IS CONNECTED TO THE CENTRE
OF THE ROTOR , WHEN THE ROTOR SPINS THE SHAFT SPINS AS WELL.THUS ROTOR
TRANSFERS ITS MECHANICAL ROTATIONAL ENERGY TO THE SHAFT.
WIND VANE: SMALL TURBINES ARE POINTED INTO THE WIND BY USING IT.
GEAR BOX: IT TURNS THE SLOW ROTATION OF THE BLADES INTO A QUICKER
ROTATION THAT IS MORE SUITABLE TO DRIVE AN ELECTRICAL GENERATOR
WORKING
WIND WT
WT GC EG
TO LOAD
UTILITY GRID
CONTROL GEN.
PITCH YAW SIGNAL TEMP.
CONTROL CONTROL
SPEED CONTROLLER
In this set up the stator of the squirrel cage induction generator will be
connected to the grid by the means of back to back connected power
electronic converter bridges.
Since the power converter has to convert all the stator power, the converter
size depends on the stator power rating.
ADVANTAGE:
Ability to make the best use of available wind power.
It eliminates the need for a capacitor bank.
DISADVANTAGE:
Cost of power converter is high.
WECS with Wound rotor induction generator
The power converter size in the earlier system can be reduced by using it
on the rotor side of a wound rotor induction generator. Above fig shows a
variable speed system using a wound rotor generator. The power converter
is now connected between the rotor and grid , so it needs to carry only the
slip power.
ADVANTAGES:
For utility scale wind power generation it outweighs squirrel cage
machine.
WECS with DFIG
ADVANTAGES:
Less cost of AC-AC converter.
Improved system efficiency.
WIND POWER DEVELOPED BY THE WIND TURBINE IS
GIVEN BY :
P=(Cp AρV^3)/2
Where
Cp: Power coefficient
A: Area swept by rotor blades
ρ: Air density
V: Velocity of wind
CONTROLLING
Induction generator control:
Cage rotor induction generators can be made to operate over
a wider speed range by pole changing or pole amplitude
modulating the main winding.
A Wound rotor induction generator can be controlled by
varying the slip energy of the rotor circuit using following
methods : rotor resistance control , cascading etc
A bank of capacitors connected to the terminals can be used.
Transmission control:
By using silicon controlled rectifier device.
Conduction period of electronic devices can be controlled by
applying delayed trigger pulses.
Load control:
Using switched load resistors stepwise load approximation can
be made .
Operation within the maximum current loading of the
generator can be set.
ADVANTAGES OF USING VARIABLE
SPEED GENERATION
Inexpensive.
Minimal maintenance.
Nominal values
Rotor radius 40 m
The
powerful turbines(50kW), are for operating irrigation
pumps , navigational signals and remote communication.