Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Areas Management

Biodiversity
Conservation and
Protected Areas
Management
 National Integrated Protected Areas System Act
(R.A. No. 7586)
 Mt. Kanlaon Natural Park Law (R.A. 9154)
 Sagay Marine Reserve Law (R.A. 9106)
By: Marvi Blaise M. Coching

What is BIODIVERSITY?
BIODIVERSITY is the VARIETY OF
LIFE
Conserving BIODIVERSITY
through PROTECTED AREAS
MANAGEMENT
PROTECTED AREAS
refers to identified portions of land and water set

aside by reason of their unique physical and
biological significance, managed to enhance
biological diversity and protected against
destructive human exploitation.
(par b., Section 4, of the NIPAS Act)

PROTECTED AREAS MANAGEMENT
The establishment of protected areas is considered

as the most cost effective
means for preserving genes, non-mobile
species, habitats and ecological processes.
Protected areas are also considered as one
of the most important on-site tools for
biodiversity conservation.
NATIONAL
INTEGRATED
PROTECTED AREAS
SYSTEM (NIPAS) ACT
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7586
is the classification and administration of all

designated protected areas to maintain essential
ecological processes and lifesupport systems, to
preserve genetic diversity, to ensure sustainable
use of resources found therein, and to maintain
their natural conditions to the greatest extent
possible.
(Section 2, NIPAS Act).

“to secure for the Filipino people of present and
future generations the perpetual existence of all
native plants and animals through the
establishment of a comprehensive system of
integrated protected areas within the classification
of national park as provided for in the
Constitution”
The NIPAS Act provides the legal and

developmental framework for the establishment
and management of protected areas (PAs) in the
Philippines.
In emphasizing biodiversity conservation and

sustainable development, the NIPAS Act mandates
the adoption of a co management approach.
Regional Environment
Director
Other members: PAMB (PROTECTED AREAS

• LGU MANAGEMENT BOARD)
• Local tribal
communities
• People’s org.
• NGOs
PROTECTED
AREAS
Section 11
To this end, the PAMB shall adopt and be guided

by a management plan/manual. Any proposals for
activities or projects to be implemented within a
specific PA which is not covered by the
management plan for the same shall be subjected
to an environmental impact assessment in order
to mitigate possible negative environmental
effects.
With such a diverse composition, the PAMB is

expected to come up with site specific strategies
and policies in all matters pertaining to the
protection, planning, and administration of each
established protected area.
MT. KANLAON
NATURAL
PARK LAW
BOUNDARIES
On August 8, 1934 by virtue

of Presidential Proclamation No. 721 enacted
and passed during the Commonwealth era in the
country.
At the time of its Proclamation as a National Park,

Mt. Kanlaon conformed to the basic concept as a
“relatively large area not materially altered by
human activity where extractive resource use are
not allowed, and maintained to protect
outstanding natural and scenic areas of national or
international significance for scientific, educational,
and recreational use.”
SECTION 13. Ancestral Lands and Domains. —

The rights of ICCs/IPs in the MKNP to their
ancestral lands and domains shall be recognized
subject to existing and prior property rights.
SECTION 14. Tenured Migrants and Transient

Farmers . —
Tenured migrants are those members of
households that have actually and continuously
occupied the MKNP since June 1, 1987 and are
solely dependent on the MKNP for their livelihood.
Article V, Section 15. - Prohibited Acts

A.
• Hunts, collects, destroys, traps, disturbs or possesses
any wild plant or animal or product
• Cuts, gathers, collects or removes timber or other
forest products.
• Establishes or introduces exotic species within the
MKNP which are detrimental to the endemic species.
• Engages in kaingin or in any activity that causes forest
fire.
B.
• Violates the Management Plan, or any resolution
issued by the PAMB.
• Vandalizes, mutilates, transports, destroys, excavates
or in any manner intentionally damages any natural
formation or object of natural beauty
• Dumps, burns or otherwise disposes of any substance
deleterious to the ecosystem, plants and animals, or
human inhabitants in the protected area or
committing the same in buffer and multiple use areas
without appropriate authority or permit.
B.
– Uses or possesses a motorized equipment anywhere within the
Strict Protection Zone of the MKNP without a prior permit from
the PAMB.
– Uses or possesses chainsaws and band saws without prior PAMB
permit.
– Grazing or raising of poultry and other livestock for commercial
purpose within the MKNP.
– Damaging or leaving roads and trails in damaged condition.
– Clearing, construction of residence or any introduction of
improvements shall constitute prima facie evidence of
occupation or settlement.

B.
– Altering, removing, destroying or defacing boundaries, marks or
signs.
– Constructs and maintains a building, edifice or any kind of
structure or conducts any business enterprise within the MKNP
without prior PAMB permit.
– Enters the MKNP without prior PAMB permit for purposes of
trekking, mountain climbing, camping, spelunking, and the like.
– Conducts bioprospecting within the MKNP without prior PAMB
permit in violation of existing guidelines.
– Engages in treasure hunting within the MKNP.

• Public officials who refrains from instituting prosecution for the
punishment of violators of the law, or shall tolerate the commission
of offenses.
• A conviction under this Section shall likewise carry the penalty of
eviction from the MKNP, payment of damages for rehabilitation and
restoration, and the forfeiture of all equipment, device weapon/s
used in the commission of the offense as well as the protected area
resources caught in the possession of the accused.
• The PASu or his/her duly deputized personnel may arrest even
without a warrant any person who has committed or is committing
in his/her presence any of the offenses defined in this Section.
SECTION 19. Utilization of Resources.

Except for protected species or whenever
detrimental to the ecosystem, use of resources
derived from the MKNP by tenured migrants and
ICCs/IPs for their domestic needs or for their
subsistence shall not be restricted.
SAGAY MARINE
RESERVE LAW
Sagay’s Marine Reserve has an expanse of 32,000

hectares where the following islands are found:
Carbin Reef, Panal, Maca, Suyac and the fringing
reefs of Molocaboc Islands. It is now recognized
nationally and internationally as one of the most
successful marine conservation programs in the
Philippines and has won the prestigious Gawad
Galing Pook in 1997.
The reserve has

• 500 hectares of mangroves
• 33 species of true mangroves with 10 mangrove-
associate species
• 10 species of sea grass in around 3,000 hectares
of sea grass beds,
• 78 species of Macro Benthic Algae,
• 60 Genera of hard, black & soft corals,
The reserve has

• 5 species of Giant Clams,
• more than 250 species of Reef & Pelagic fishes,
• 4 species of Marine Turtles and 5 species of
endangered Dugong (sea cow).
• Giant Fruit Bats may be found in the mangrove
areas.
In April 14, 2001, landmark legislation RA 9106, “An

Act for the Establishment and Management of
SMR” which became the Sagay Marine Reserve
Law.
Sagay Marine Reserve is administered by the

Protected Area Management Board (PAMB). It has
four component sections, namely; resource
management, social development, law
enforcement and the Permit and Licensing
Section that initiate activities promoting the
conservation and protection program.
SECTION 14.Prohibited Acts. — The following acts are
prohibited within the Reserve:
(a)Hunting, destroying, disturbing or mere possession
of any marine resources or products derived therefrom
without a permit from the PAMB-SMR;
(b)Dumping or otherwise disposing of any waste
products detrimental to the Reserve or to plants,
animals or inhabitants therein;
(c)Use of any motorized equipment without a permit;
(d)Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of

natural beauty or ecological importance found
within the Reserve;
(e)Mineral or energy exploration or any entry into
the Reserve which has a tendency to damage its
ecological balance;
(f)Constructing or maintaining any kind of
structure, fence or enclosures and conducting any
business enterprise without a permit;
(g)Altering, removing, destroying or defacing

boundary marks or buoys; and
(h)Performing any other act analogous to the
foregoing;
ISSUES: Forest Fire (Mt. Kanlaon)
ISSUES: Sagay Marine Reserve
• Illegal fishing activities in the Visayan Sea

• Influx of more fishermen/ population growth
• Negative effects from a growing city
Thank you!

Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Areas Management

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Biodiversity Conservation and Protected Areas Management

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Biodiversity

By: Marvi Blaise M. Coching

refers to identified portions of land and water set

(par b., Section 4, of the NIPAS Act)

The establishment of protected areas is considered

is the classification and administration of all

(Section 2, NIPAS Act).

The NIPAS Act provides the legal and

In emphasizing biodiversity conservation and

Other members: PAMB (PROTECTED AREAS

To this end, the PAMB shall adopt and be guided

With such a diverse composition, the PAMB is

On August 8, 1934 by virtue

At the time of its Proclamation as a National Park,

SECTION 13. Ancestral Lands and Domains. —

SECTION 14. Tenured Migrants and Transient

Article V, Section 15. - Prohibited Acts

Article V, Section 15. - Prohibited Acts

Article V, Section 15. - Prohibited Acts

SECTION 19. Utilization of Resources.

Sagay’s Marine Reserve has an expanse of 32,000

The reserve has

The reserve has

In April 14, 2001, landmark legislation RA 9106, “An

Sagay Marine Reserve is administered by the

(d)Mutilating, defacing or destroying objects of

(g)Altering, removing, destroying or defacing

• Illegal fishing activities in the Visayan Sea

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