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Beam
If axial force be negligible compare to its capacity then the
member is call Beam.
The force will act perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the
beam.
The main governing forces of beam are shear force, bending
moment, torsion.
Objectives:
• To know about the flexural analysis of beam.
• To know how to design of Beam.
• To know about the various design parameters.
• Gain the concept of analysis of RC beam.
Classification of beam according to
reinforcement
Singly reinforced beam.
Doubly reinforced beam.
Classification of beam with respect to
support condition
SIMPLY SUPPORTED BEAM
FIXED BEAM
CANTILEVER BEAM
CONTINUOUS BEAM
OVERHANGING BEAM
Behavior of a beam under loads
Assumptions:
Plane sections before bending remain plane and perpendicular to the N.A. after bending.
Strain distribution is linear both in concrete & steel and is directly proportional to the distance from
N.A.
Strain in the steel & surrounding concrete is the same before the cracking of concrete or yielding of
steel.
Concrete in the tension zone is neglected in the flexural analysis & design computation.
Concrete stress of 0.85f’c is uniformly distributed over an equivalent compressive zone.f’c = Specified
compressive strength of concrete in psi.
Maximum allowable strain of 0.003 is adopted as safe limiting value in concrete.
The tensile strain for the balanced section is fy/Es.
Design Conditions:
1) Stress elastic and sections uncracked:
Tensile strength of concrete fct <Modulus of rupture fr
Compressive stress of concrete fc << ½ f’c
Tensile stress in steel fs < fy yield strength of steel
No Yes
Calculating,
Yes
No
No
Yes
Rectangular beam Load or
design Maximum steel ratio
ultimate
moment
known
Singly Yes Doubly
No
reinforced reinforced
beam beam
Let
Doubly reinforced beam
If concrete section cannot develop the required compressive force to resist the
maximum bending moment then additional reinforcement is added in the
compression.
Resisting Moment
Strain compatibility
f’s
REFERENCES
1. Structural Concrete by M. Nadim Hassoun
2. Design of Concrete structure by Nilson (7th, 12th ,14th edi.)
3. Different Slides From SlideShare.net