Benjhon

Elarcosa

Sannel
Carmelo
Derecho
INTRODUCTION
TWO CATEGORIES OF NOISE
LEVELS OF NOISE

The sound level (L) is thus

represented as,
L = log10 Q/Q0 (Bels)
Where Q = Measured quantity
of sound pressure or sound
power or sound intensity.
Q0 = Reference standard
quantity of sound pressure.
L = Sound level in Bels.
A Bel is a large unit so for
convenience it is divided into
10 subunits called decibels
(dB). So when sound level is
expressed in decibels.
L = 10 log10 Q/Q0 (dB).
THE NATURE OF SOUND
 AMPLITUDE

The amplitude of the waves is the height of the peak sound

pressure measured above or below the zero pressure line. The
equivalent pressure of such a sine curve is represented by root
mean square pressure. (Prms)
𝟏
Prms = 𝑷𝟐 𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝑻
Where P(t) = Pressure at any time t

PITCH

Is the wavelength or frequency of the sound. Its

strength is indicated by the amplitude of the
sine curve.
 POWER AND INTENSITY

Power - The output of a source as the rate of

energy flow in units of Watts (W).
The average output of some sources in Watt are as shown
in the table below.
 LEVELS OF NOISE AND ITS
MEASUREMENT

The sound level L is thus represented as,

 SENSITIVITY OF SOUND

The lowest intensity perceived as a sound is 10–12 W/m2

and this is known as the standard ‘threshold of audibility’.
The upper limit is the ‘threshold of pain’ at 1 W/m2.
Vibration above this intensity would cause pain and can
damage the human ear. The following figure shows the
audible range of sounds in terms of intensity and frequency
ACCEPTABLE NOISE LEVELS
 EFFECTS OF NOISE

The effects of noise can be classified as:

Psychological or physiological effects depending on
the levels of noise
 ADVERSE EFFECTS OF NOISE

1. Effects on Human Body Function

short time reactions
• change in blood circulation
• increased release of insulin in pancreas, increase in the
secretion of oxitaxin and ADH from the posterior
• decreases the detoxifying function of the liver including
aromatic substances with carcinogenic effects
Long time noise reaction
• stomach ulcer
• reduced flow of gastric juice
• change in acidity neurosis, allergies and circulatory
disease
• abortion and other congenital defects in children,
deafness etc.
2.Sleep Interference
• One can become short tempered and weary. Noise can
interfere with sleep even when the sleeping person is not
awakened.
3. Working Efficiency
• It has been proved that the working efficiency reduces with
increase in noise. Reduction in noise from 96 dB to 87 dB has
increased the performance by 12%. Reduction of noise either
by sound proofing or putting sound obstructing barriers
improves the quality of work. It also reduces the industrial
accidents. The noise affects communication signals, so
reduction of noise increases the efficiency.
4. Effect on Wild Life
• animals become dull, inactive, lesser reproductive and ill. Even
the migratory birds are reduced if there is noise. In the forests
because of the human activity the noise increases and the
animals like lion, tiger and elephants feel segmentation and
their reproduction is automatically reduced.
5. Effects on Non-living Things
• noise affects even the non-living things. High intensity noise may
produce cracks into buildings. The noise and vibrations from
machinery result in shattering of foundations, loosening of plaster
and cracks in walls and house hold crockery.

CONTROL OF NOISE POLLUTION

Though the noise cannot be totally eliminated but can be reduced by adopting
certain measures. The basic principals of noise control are as follows.
1. Noise Control at Source
• machinery should be equipped by effective silencers, properly installed on the
designed foundation and well maintained.
• Use of shock absorbing material, efficient flow technique, reducing fluid jet
velocities, restricting sound producing area, reducing peak accelerations are
some of the techniques of noise control at source.
• Use of guards, covers, enclosures and muffler systems, sealing all openings
• use of proper cutting speeds and feed rate are other ways of noise reduction.
The proper maintenance of machines by lubrication and timely replacement
of bearings is the main thing required for the control of noise at source.
2. Noise Control along the Path
• Use of solid high barriers to interrupt the direct
transmission.
• Increasing distance between the source and the receiver.
• By planting trees
NOISE CONTROL AT RECEIVING END

• Double glazing windows in the building for improved

sound proofing.
• Gasketing and sealing door and windows openings.
• Providing additional sound insulation for roofs and walls.
• Isolate the operator from the noise.
• By controlling hours of exposure to noise.
• Use of personal protective devices like ear plugs, ear
defenders, disposable ear plugs.
 OTHER WAYS OF NOISE
CONTROL

• Forming legislation for noise

• declaration of silence zone
• restricting the use of loudspeakers
• Educating people about hazards of
noise pollution
• developing awareness at all levels
 MEASUREMENT OF NOISE

• Sound level meters are used to

measure any type of sound
• The primary components of a
sound level meter are microphone,
single conditioning electronics and
some form of filtering and an
analog or digital indicator.
 CONCLUSION

MINIMIZE THE VOICE

KEEP SILENT

ZIPPER THE MOUTH

 Civil Law of the Philippines:
Republic Act No. 386 article 26
'Every person shall respect the dignity, personality,
privacy and peace of mind of his neighbors and
other persons'
Revised Penal Code 287
'Unjust Vexation' - The Supreme Court defined
unjust vexation as any human conduct which,
although not productive of some physical or
material harm, would unjustly annoy or irritate an
innocent person. The paramount question is
whether the offender’s act causes annoyance,
irritation, torment, distress or disturbance to the
mind of the person to whom it is directed.