ENGLISH GARDENS

INTRODUCTION
The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or
simply the English garden, is a style of “landscape" garden which
emerged in England in the early 18th century, and spread across
Europe, replacing the more formal, symmetrical French gardens of
the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe.
.

French and Dutch gardens have rectangular

subdivision.
Straight avenues & paths and water
contained symmetrically shaped basin
 The English garden presented an idealized view of nature. It drew inspiration
from paintings of landscapes by Claude Lorraine and Nicolas Poussin, and, in
the Anglo-Chinese garden, from the classic Chinese gardens of the East,
which had recently been described by European travellers.

The English garden usually included a lake, sweeps of gently rolling lawns set
against groves of trees, and recreations of classical temples, Gothic ruins,
bridges, and other picturesque architecture, designed to recreate an idyllic
pastoral landscape.

PAINTINGS BY NICOLAS POUSSIN

 ELEMENTS OF ENGLISH GARDENS
• LAKE- Most were man-made but all appeared to be natural forming basins. Their
edges were meandering and irregular and often had pathways weaving through the
trees and close to the water’s edge.

• ROLLING LAWN-Topography allow for surprises as your coming around mounds or

niches.

LAKE ROLLING LAWN

• HA HA WALL-The purpose of ha ha wall was to separate garden from
grazing lands but was invisible from distance.
• TREE GROVES-Were spread throughout the landscape with paths that
allowed the gardens users to wander in and out of the groves and
provide a view of rolling lawns against mass tree plantings.

HA HA WALL TREE GROVES

• GROTTOS- They were used as romantic hide outs. They were manmade
but build to resemble a dark natural forming cave.
• SHAPES-Garden beds are usually bordered by neatly shaped
hedges and borders with clear geometrical shapes. Living plant
borders are used to create “rooms” as well as visual pathways,
guiding the eye to key focal points.

GROTTOS
CHAIRS AND STOOLS

CAST IRON
FURNITURE WAS
SPECIALLY DESIGNED
FOR ENGLISH
LANDSCAPE GARDENS
TO ENHANCE THEIR
BEAUTY.
• RUINS

GARDEN OF ROUSHAM HOUSE

SOURCE- THE ENGLISH

GARDEN TOUR
BY MAVIS BATEY
• SCULPTURES
FOUNTAIN AND VASE

SOURCE- THE ENGLISH GARDEN TOUR

BY LAVIS MATEY
HISTORY OF ENGLISH GARDENS
Roman Britain: formal, low hedges
Medieval: small enclosed, with turf seats
and mounds
Tudor: knot gardens, enclosed in hedges or
walls
Stuart: formal Italianate and French styles
Georgian: informal, landscaped, open
parkland
Victorian: bedding plants, colourful, public
gardens
 ROMAN BRITAIN GARDENS
• FEATURES : Formal planning and low hedges

• FISHBOURNE ROMAN GARDEN

Symmetrical formal planning of low box hedges

Split by gravel walks
The hedges are punctuated by small niches which held ornaments like statues,
urns, or garden seats. The formal garden near the house gave way to a
landscaped green space leading down to the waterside below.
MEDIEVAL GARDENS
Gardens were functional and included kitchen gardens, infirmary
gardens, cemetery orchards, cloister garths and vineyards. Vegetable and
herb gardens helped provide both alimentary and medicinal crops
GARDEN AT THE COURT OF ST MARTIN’S CATHEDRAL
•SMALL , ENCLOSED GARDEN
•WITH A WELL, FOUNTAIN (WATER BODY AT THE CENTRE.
•MONASTRY CLOISTER SHADING
•GARDENS WERE LAID OUT IN RECTANGULAR PLOTS WITH NARROW PATHS
BETWEEN THEM TO FACILITATE COLLECTION OF YIELDS. OFTEN THESE BEDS WERE
SURROUNDED WITH WATTLE FENCING TO PREVENT ANIMALS FROM ENTERING
RUINS OF RIVELAUX ABBEY
 THE SHIFT
• Lines were no longer straight, paths curve and wander, and parterres are replaced
by grass.
• Trees were planted in clusters rather than in straight lines, and rounded lakes
replaced the rectangular ponds of the earlier style. The garden became open, a
park joining the house to the outside world rather than a carefully nurtured refuge
from it. This natural style begun by Kent evolved into the "landscape garden.
• Before the introduction of English landscape, nature was viewed as dangerous ,
cranky . The English landscape completely changed this view to appreciate and
value the natural world.

PAINTINGS BY WILLIAM KENT

 TUDOR GARDENS
• The Tudors followed Italian influence in creating gardens which mirrored the alignment of the
house, creating a harmony of line and proportion that had been missing in the Medieval
period. For the first time since the Romans left, sundials and statues were once more popular
garden ornament.
• But the most prominent contribution of the Tudors to gardening was the knot garden. Knots
were intricate patterns of lawn hedges, usually of box, intended to be viewed from the
mount, or raised walks. The spaces between the hedges were often filled with flowers,
shrubs, or herbs.

THE KNOT GARDEN AT RED LODGE ,BRISTOL

 STYLE AT A GLANCE
• Knot gardens, geometric beds edged with a low hedge of box or other shrubs
• Flowers, cultivated not only for their beauty but for flavouring sweets and desserts.
Favourites were violets, marigolds, and most importantly the rose
• Mounts, an artificial hill for viewing often situated at the corners of the garden to provide
views both of the garden and the landscape beyond
• Banqueting Houses to provide an intimate room for enjoying desserts and for entertainment
• Fountains and automated water features to animate the garden, reflecting an interest in
hydraulics

Lyveden New Bield, Northamptonshire Little Moreton Hall , Cheshire

-composed of orchards ,Terracing and -the layout of the Garden complements the
natural mounts moated timber framed house with a knot garden
 Montacute House, Somerset
• The garden of this magnificent mansion, built in the late 16th century for Sir Edward Phelips,
still retains much of its original layout, in particular the north garden, the east court and the
kitchen garden. Of special interest is the pair of banqueting houses and the wall topped with
balustrades and pyramids.

GARDEN PAVILION

FOUNTAIN KNOTS MELTED SHAPED GIANT HEDGES

 STUART GARDENS
• FEATURES
• Formal layout influenced by the great gardens of France
• Canals reflecting the fashion for all thing Dutch at the end of the 17th
century
• Fountains and extravagant water displays to animate the gardens
• Topiary an expression of the ultimate control over nature

These gardens were designed to be symmetrical

with long axial walks and rides stretching into
the woods and parks beyond,
resulting in the advent of the Avenue
• ERRDING HALL COUNTRY PARK, WREXHAM

Formal layout has been done

Plan was axial opens into front
Gardens
Tapiary is done and water body is also
Given
VICTORIAN GARDENS
•EXOTIC COLORS, MASSED BEDS OF FLOWERS AND INTRICATE
DESIGNS
•GREAT DÉCOR, ELABORATE ARRANGEMENTS
 VICTORIAN GARDENS
• The design is usually symmetrical, with straight or
curved lines based on geometric forms.
• Paths are located on one or more axes.
• Beds, lawns and pools are geometrically shaped.
• Columns, arches and trelliswork are used to
emphasize the design.
• Classical ornaments and statues are used as focal
points.
• Brick or paved courtyards are incorporated in the
design.
• Topiary plants are clipped and shaped into columns,
balls, spirals, pyramids and cones, and used as focal
points.
SERIES OF COLONADE DEFINING MOVEMENT

HEVER CASTLE ROSE GARDEN

 COLONADES DEFINING MOVEMENT,
STONE PAVED PATHS

THE BLUE CORNER

ARCADES – USE OF CLASSICAL ELEMENTS USE OF SCULPTURES
TOPIARY PLANTS ARE SHAPED, USED AS FOCAL POINTS
THANK YOU

SUBMITTED BY-
AAYUSHI GOYAL
ARUSHI PANDEY
DAKSHA TANWAR
DRISHTI RAMRAKHANI