SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

A PAPER PRESENTATION

BY

Ekwule
 DEFINITION
 Solid wastes management can be defined as the control of solid waste generation, storage, collection
Transfer and transport, processing and disposal activities based on engineering principles at
minimum environmental impacts and cost.

 The goals of solid waste management include:

 Environmental Sanitation

 Safety- prevention of injury or accident to waste workers or property.

 Security- prevention of unauthorized persons into the waste handling and disposal areas.

 Aesthetic- public or users acceptability in terms of odour, noise, appearance, and so on.
ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
 The activities associated with the management of municipal solid waste from the point of
Generation to final disposal can be grouped into six functional elements:

 Waste generation

 Waste handling and sorting

 Collection

 Sorting processing and transformation

 Transfer and transport

 Disposal
 ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ( CONT.)

 Waste generation: encompasses activities in which materials are identified as no longer

being of value (in their present form) and are either thrown away or gathered together
for disposal. Waste generation is, at present, an activity that is not very controllable.

 Waste handling and sorting: Waste handling and sorting involves the activities
associated with management of wastes until they are placed in storage containers
for collection. Handling also encompasses the movement of loaded containers to
the point of collection.
 ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ( CONT.)

 Collection: The functional element of collection includes not only the

gathering of solid wastes and recyclable materials, but also the transport of
these materials, after collection, to the location where the collection vehicle is
emptied.

Source: Agunwamba, (2001)

 Sorting processing and transformation: The recovery of sorted materials,
processing of solid waste and transformation of solid waste that occurs
primarily in locations away from the source of waste generation are
encompassed by this functional element.
 ELEMENTS OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ( CONT.)

 Transfer and transport: The functional element of transfer and transport involves two steps:
(i) the transfer of wastes from the smaller collection vehicle to the larger transport equipment and
(ii) the subsequent transport of the wastes, usually over long distances, to a processing or disposal
site. The transfer usually takes place at a transfer station.

 Disposal: The final functional element in the solid waste management system is disposal.
Today the disposal of wastes by landfilling or uncontrolled dumping is the ultimate fate of
all solid wastes, whether they are residential wastes collected and transported directly to a
landfill site, residual materials from Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs), residue from the
combustion of solid waste, rejects of composting, or other substances from various solid
waste-processing facilities.
 FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Sorting: is the selection and arrangement of solid waste into different groups
based on the collector’s desire. It certainly affects the volume of waste generated
for final disposal. When waste are sorted from their sources, dividing them into
different compartments, recycling, reuse and recovery are achieved.

Recycling: is the process whereby a particular waste material or product is

converted from one form o another. This helps in recovery of energy thereby serving
as a source of revenue generation for waste management bodies. The generated
revenue can be put into use for effective management of the waste generated.
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CONT.)

Affluence : Affluence increases the amount/volume of waste generation because

they are more likely to procure new properties. Generally people of high income are

regarded to be in this category of people because more waste are generated by them.

Consumerism: promotion of new products over the old one increases the amount
of waste generated because the consumers sees the need to procure new products

whereas the old one are still serving the need for which it was purchased. This can

lead to discarding of the products.

FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CONT.)

Pricing: This is the amount paid for waste collection and disposal to the waste
management agencies by various house owners. This also affect the amount of
waste generated. since consumers are required to pay for disposal of the waste
they generate, this can encourage reuse of waste materials at home.

Taxation: The method of taxation imposed on the customers affects their waste
generation ability. If waste are taxed by weight, the customers tends to dewater
and dry the waste to reduce its weight before disposal into bin and this improves
how the waste is processed.
FACTORS AFFECTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT (CONT.)

Public Enlightenment: Refers to the education given to the masses or the public on

how waste should be managed. This helps in reducing the amount of waste generated,

improves the people’s attitude towards disposal and encourages proper disposal into

the bin. This could further improve waste management in the locality and reduces the

stress on waste management agencies.

Subsidy: refers to the situation whereby incentives are provided to customers or waste

generators in order to allow increased waste generation. This encourages more waste

generation since the customers pay only a part of the charges for the waste generated.
IMPACT OF POOR SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

 Habourage for disease vectors

 Blockage of drains

 Overflow of drains

 Dirty environment

 Pollution of groundwater

 Pollution of surface water

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