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    The document summarizes the immune response to viruses in three parts: 1) Viruses can cause lytic or latent infections in host cells. The innate immune response includes interferons and NK cells, while the adaptive response features antibodies and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. 2) Interferons inhibit viral replication and stimulate antiviral defenses. NK cells help fight infection early on through lysis of infected cells. Antibodies neutralize viruses, while CD8+ T cells eliminate infected cells. 3) However, viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the immune response, such as altering antigens, inhibiting antigen presentation, and direct immunosuppression. Successful viral infection depends on overcoming the host's innate

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    Immune Response to Virus

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    The document summarizes the immune response to viruses in three parts: 1) Viruses can cause lytic or latent infections in host cells. The innate immune response includes interferons and NK cells, while the adaptive response features antibodies and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. 2) Interferons inhibit viral replication and stimulate antiviral defenses. NK cells help fight infection early on through lysis of infected cells. Antibodies neutralize viruses, while CD8+ T cells eliminate infected cells. 3) However, viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the immune response, such as altering antigens, inhibiting antigen presentation, and direct immunosuppression. Successful viral infection depends on overcoming the host's innate

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    14 views25 pages

    Immune Response To Virus

    Uploaded by

    Anonymous U9KX2cM
    The document summarizes the immune response to viruses in three parts: 1) Viruses can cause lytic or latent infections in host cells. The innate immune response includes interferons and NK cells, while the adaptive response features antibodies and cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. 2) Interferons inhibit viral replication and stimulate antiviral defenses. NK cells help fight infection early on through lysis of infected cells. Antibodies neutralize viruses, while CD8+ T cells eliminate infected cells. 3) However, viruses have evolved mechanisms to evade the immune response, such as altering antigens, inhibiting antigen presentation, and direct immunosuppression. Successful viral infection depends on overcoming the host's innate

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 25

    Immune Response

    to Virus

    Riandini Aisyah, 2014


    LOGO
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO Characteristics of host-


    virus interaction
    Viruses are obligate intracellular, that produce::
     Cytopathic effect  lytic infection
     Non-cytopathic effect  latent infection
    Immunity
     Innate : type I interferon (IFN-a/b), NK
     Adaptive : antibodies, CTL CD8+
    Immune evasion
     Various mechanisms for evading immune response
    LOGO
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO

    Viral Infection:
    •In cells infected by viruses, viral protein are
    synthesized in the cytosol
    •MHC I mol. present antigen derived from proteins
    in the cytosol
    LOGO
    Innate immune response
     Type I interferon (IFN-a/b):
     Inhibits viral replication in both infected-and non-infected cells
     Increases expression of class I MHC molecules  CTL CD8+
    attack
     Stimulates the development of Th1 promotes the expression
    of IL-12 receptor
     Inhibits the proliferation of many cells, incl. lymphocytes

     NK cells
     Lyse virus-infected target cells
     Immunity against viruses early in the course of infection
     Major effector cells against herpes and CMV
     Main mediators of ADCC (Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity)
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO

    Interferons are antiviral proteins produced by cells in


    response to viral infection
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO

    NK cells are
    activated by
    INFs and
    macrophage-
    derived
    cytokines to
    serve as an
    early defense
    against certain
    intracellular
    infection
    LOGO
    Adaptive immune response
    Antibodies
     Effective against viruses during extracellular stage
     Block virus binding & entry into host cells: neutralizing
    Abs
    • Bind to viral envelope or capsid antigens
    • SIgA  respiratory & intestinal mucosa
    CTL CD8+ cells
     Eliminate the viral infection: lyse the viral-infected
    cells
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO
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    LOGO
    LOGO
    LOGO
    CTL CD8+ reactions
    Immunosurveillance functions
    Recognize endogenously synthesized viral
    peptides,
    In association with class I MHC molecules
    Killing mechanisms of the viral-infected cells:
     lyse the cells, activate nucleases, and secretion of
    IFN-g
    Side effects  noncytopathic virus:
     Tissue injury
    LOGO Evade mechanisms by
    viruses
    Alter their antigenicity
    Inhibit class I MHC-assoc. presentation of
    peptide antigens
    Produce molecules  immunosuppresive
    effects
    Infect (lyse and/or inactivate immunocompetent
    cells)
    LOGO
    LOGO
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO
    HIV
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO
    www.themegallery.com

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    www.themegallery.com

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    Concluding Remarks
    www.themegallery.com

    LOGO

    The successful infection by viruses is


    depending upon several factors:
     Low immune responses of the host: either of
    the natural- (type I IFN, NK) or adaptive (Abs,
    CTL CD8+) immunity or both,
     Ability to evade the effector mechanisms of
    host immune responses
    LOGO

    Refferences :

    Prof. Dr. Marsetyawan HNES : Immunological Aspect of Viral Infection

    Dr. Hera Nirwati : Immune Response to Virus


    LOGO

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