Type & kind of sentence

Windy freska
 Independent Clauses
 Think of the Declaration of Independence!
What did the colonists want? Independence
from Great Britain! We wanted to be able to
STAND ON OUR OWN!
 Independent clauses CAN
STAND ON THEIR OWN! They
are complete sentences on their
own!
 A single independent clause can be a
sentence, by itself.

 However, dependent clauses are used

to make sentences more complete and
more interesting. Using conjunctions
and proper punctuation, dependent and
independent clauses can be joined
together to create interesting and
complex compound sentences that are
fun and engaging to read
Independent clauses have three components:

1. They have a subject - they tell the reader what the

sentence is about.
2. They have an action or predicate - they tell the
reader what the subject is doing.
3. They express a complete thought - something
happened or was said.

An independent clause can be as simple as a subject

and a verb:

 Jim reads.
 Examples of
Independent Clauses:
 They lived on the  Computers are
tiny island wonderful tools
 The calendar needs
 Our friends were
to be updated
extremely terrified
 Mrs. Jackson will
 Their car was have our grades
demolished online
 Dependent Clauses
 Dependent clauses do not make sense
if they stand alone. They begin with a
subordinating conjunction (if, so, when,
after, because, before, while, until,
since, etc.)
 Dependent clauses CANNOT
STAND ALONE! They require
HELP!!!
Examples of Dependent
Clauses
 Since she was  While we are
late to school speeding down
today the interstate
 Until we win the  When I go to my
big game old elementary
 After she travels school
to Europe  If you like
anchovies on
your pizza
example
 dependent clauses  independent clauses

 when ronnie gets  lets start the music

here  i will tell her the
 if denise comes to assignment
class late  the battery is
 which i bought last defective
weekend
 Once a writer knows the
difference between the three
sentence types (simple, compound,
and complex), it is possible to write
with sentence variety. Sentence
variety helps make your writing more
interesting.
Simple Sentence
 A simple sentence contains a subject
and verb.
 It expresses a single complete thought.
 A simple sentence is a single
independent clause.
Sample Simple Sentences
 The cat crept through the dark house.
 The wary mouse watched from
underneath an upturned cereal box.
 The predatory cat stopped and
surveyed his surroundings.
 The mouse darted for the safety of the
nearly invisible hole under the cabinet.
What is a compound sentence
 A compound sentences is a sentence
made up of two complete thoughts.
 Each part of the sentence can stand
alone as a complete sentence.
 Compound sentences are connected by
two types of connectors, which we will
talk about later.
Compound Sentences
Example of compound sentences:
 The students finished class, and they went
to lunch.

 Kevin did not want to hurt Kathy’s feelings,

so he said nothing about her mistake.

 I want to see my sister soon, for she has

been in Switzerland for two years.
 Compound sentences are formed when
two independent clauses are joined
with a comma and a conjunction (for,
and, nor, but, or, yet, or so)

 The two dogs barked at us viciously,

so we quickly rode away from them!
Complex Sentences
 A complex sentence is an independent
clause joined by one or more dependent
clauses.
 A subordinating conjunction begins the
dependent clauses.
 A dependent clause that begins a
sentence must be followed by comma.
 A dependent clause has a subject and a
verb, but it does not make sense on its
own.
Sample Complex Sentences
 when i come to america, my friend has finished
his study
 i am washing the plate, when she calls me
 after my father come home, we made a lunch
 the student are doing homework because they
should submit tomorrow
 i and my father visited the disneyland before it
close
 we love you before you know about it
perbedaan compound and
complex sentence
 compound sentence : terdiri dari 2 kalimat
yg masing masing adalah independen
clauses, artinya meskipun di pisah masing
masing memiliki makna
 complex sentence : terdiri 2 kalimat yang
masing masing adalah independent clauses
dan dependent clauses. independent akan
tetap memiliki makna jika dipisah, sedangkan
dependent tidak
Compound-Complex
Sentences
A compound-complex sentence is a
sentence that has at least two
independent clauses and at least one
dependent clause.
The same subordinating conjunctions
are used to introduce the dependent
clauses.
The same coordinating conjunctions
(FANBOYS) are used for joining the
independent clauses.
Sample Compound-Complex
Sentences.
 After the two adversaries had spent years
playing this “cat and mouse” game, they were
joined by their children, and the fun continued.
 Even though it seems the two were bent on
the other’s destruction, the cat and mouse
were rather fond of one another, and neither
wanted the other’s defeat.
 This game was begun thousands of years
ago, and it will continue far into the future as
other cats and mice revel in hide-and-seek.
Test Yourself – Simple,
Compound, Complex, or
Compound-Complex?
1. The teacher walked into the classroom, greeted the students,
and took attendance.

2. Juan played football while Jane went shopping.

3. Juan played football, yet Jim went shopping.

4. Although Mexico has a better team, they lost the tournament,

and their more aggressive style did not pay off.

5. The island was filled with many trails winding through the thick
underbrush, a small lake, and dangerous wild animals.

6. Naoki passed the test because he studied hard, but Stacy did
not understand the material.