VAPOR POWER SYSTEM

(RANKINE CYCLE)
SUMBER ENERGI PEMBANGKIT PLN (2004):
• GEOTHERMAL (PLTP) : 3,4%
• HYDROPOWER (PLTA) : 9,6%
• NATURAL GAS (PLTU, PLTG) : 18,4%
• COAL (PLTU) : 33,4%
• PETROLEUM FUEL (PLTU, PLTG, PLTD) : 35,2%
RENCANA DIVERSIFIKASI BAHAN BAKAR
PEMBANGKIT PLN
 Ideal Rankine Cycle :
- no irreversibilities present in any of
the processes
- no fluid friction
- no pressure drop
- no heat loss to surroundings

1. Steam generation
occurs at constant
pressure 4-1

2. Isentropic expansion in
the turbine 1-2

3. Condensation occurs at
constant pressure 2-3

4. Isentropic compression
in the pump 3-4
 Actual condition

Heat loss

Heat loss, friction,

pressure drop

Friction, pressure drop

 Jenis
steam turbine

Condensing Non condensing

Air dihisap Menggerakan

Condensor Pompa Turbin kecil

 Increase Rankine Cycle Efficiency

- increasing the average temperature during heat addition (Tin)

- decreasing the condenser temperature (Tout)
- increasing the average temperature during heat addition (Tin)
- decreasing the condenser temperature (Tout)
Modification of Rankine Cycle :

• Superheat
• Reheat
Superheat
 Sudu Steam Turbine

Steam yang masuk ke turbin

bila tidak bersih dan tidak
benar2 kering mengakibatkan
kerusakan pada sudu2 turbin,
misalnya korosi, abrasi, dan
munculnya deposit. Akibatnya
biaya perawatan meningkat
sehingga tidak efesien bagi
biaya produksi
Reheat

The most common method to increase

the cycle thermal efficiency is to use a
two-stage turbine and reheat the steam in
the boiler after the first stage
 Electrical Power
Superheater
Feedwater High- Low-
Flow Steam
Drum
Pressure
Turbine
Pressure
Turbine
diagram of Exhaust

a steam Generator
boiler
Water
Walls

Reheater

Steam
Condenser

Insulated tube
Downcomers
Burner Feedwater
pump Flue
Fuel gas
Economizer stack
Water heater Fresh Cooling Water

Induced
Air Header
draft fan

Air
Ash handling Precipitator SO2 Scrubber
heater
Fabric filter

Air Air
Fuel
pump Fuel
Forced
draft fan
Feedwater