By: Ajit Rathee

2k7-MRCE-ECE-069
 1G
 2G
 3G
 4G
 AMPS(Advanced Mobile Phone System)

 TACS(Total Access Communication System)

 ETACS(Extended Total Access Communication

System)
 Digitized not only the control link but also
voice signal

 The new system provided better quality and

higher capacity at lower cost to consumers
 GSM(Global System For Mobile
Communication)

 CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access)

 TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access)

 These promise faster communication services
,including voice, fax and internet,anytime and
anywhere with seamless global roaming.
 3G is not very cheap but it is worthwhile for
the users who need connectivity on the move.
 Since 3G is a packet based technology
therefore user is charged for amount of data
transferred.
 3G network is available on the move, unlike
wi-fi, which is limited to only a few meters.
 The IP address is based on IPv6.

 IPv4: X.X.X.X (32 bits)

example: 216.37.129.9

 IPv6: 4 × IPv4 (128 bits)

example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 , 65.198.2.10 ,
192.168.5.120
home care-of mobile IP local network
address address address address
 HAPS Satellite

Wireline or Wireless GSM

Networks
(Internet)

Services
Care-ofMobile
Add. IP Add. Bluetooth
WLAN

UMTS

Content

ADSL
Home Add.
Care-of Add.
WCDMA Direct Sequence
TDMA OFDM
OFDM Unspecified TD- Frequency
FDD TDD
CDMA Hopping

Very wide Metropolitan Personal

Wide area Local area
area area area
 4G networks are all-IP
(Internet Protocol)
based heterogeneous
networks
 This will allow users to:
◦ Select any system at
any time and any
where
◦ Use Multiple systems
at the same time (e.g.
GPS and WLANs and
CDMA)
 A wide range of
applications using only
one 4G integrated
terminal
 Support interactive multimedia services:
teleconferencing, wireless Internet, etc.

 Wider bandwidths, higher bit rates.

 Global mobility and service portability.

 Low cost.

 Scalability of mobile networks (>10 times the capacity

of 3G).
 A single physical terminal with
multiple interfaces to access
the different wireless networks
 Advantages:
 Improve call completion
 Expand coverage area
 Reliable coverage in case of
network, link or switch
failure
 Disadvantages:
 Complexity in the hardware
of the device
 Handoff Mechanism:
Performed by the user, device
or network
 3G (including 2.5G)
Major Requirement Driving Predominantly voice driven -
Architecture data was always add on
Network Architecture Wide area cell-based
Speeds 384 Kbps to 2 Mbps
Frequency Band Dependent on country or
continent (1800-2400 MHz)
Bandwidth 5-20 MHz
Switching Design Basis Circuit and Packet
Access Technologies W-CDMA, 1xRTT, Edge
Forward Error Correction Convolution rate 1/2, 1/3
Component Design Optimized antenna design,
multi-band adapters
IP A number of air link protocols,
including IP 5.0
4G
Converged data and voice over IP
Hybrid - Integration of Wireless LAN
(WiFi, Bluetooth) and wide area
20 to 100 Mbps in mobile mode
Higher frequency bands (2-8 GHz)
100 MHz (or more)
All digital with packetized voice
OFDM and MC-CDMA (Multi Carrier
CDMA)
Concatenated coding scheme
multi-band adapters Smarter
Antennas, software multiband and
wideband radios
All IP (IP6.0)
From : www.mobileinfo.com
 THANK YOU
 QUERIES?