Bell Ringer

You throw a football

horizontally, and drop a football
from the same height and at the
same time.
Which will hit the ground first?
PLEASE DO NOT DISCUSS YOUR
ANSWER WITH THOSE AROUND
YOU!!!!!!!!!
 Bell Ringer
A bullet is dropped at the same time a second bullet
is shot horizontally. Which will collide with the
ground first?

Why does this occur?

Projectile Motion
 Vectors
Vector: A quantity with direction
Represented by arrows
Length = Size of quantity
Points in the direction of vector
quantity
 Adding Vectors
Tail of Vector Head of Vector

Resultant Vector: The sum of

two or more vectors
When adding vectors, always
arrange them HEAD to TAIL
Resultant: From the tail of the 1st
vector to the head of the last
 Adding Vectors
Graphical Method:
Slide vectors anywhere on the
page as long as they maintain
their length and direction

The order in which the vectors

are combined does not matter
Adding Vectors
A

C
B
 Adding Vectors

D
A

B R

C
Adding Vectors
A
C

D R
 Bell Ringer
What is the horizontal
component of a 15m
vector, with a vertical
component of 9 m?
 Wind and Plane in Same
Direction

35 mph 350 mph

The plane’s velocity and the wind velocity
can be represented by vector arrows
 Wind and Plane in Same
Direction

35 mph 350 mph

The overall velocity of the plane,
is the sum of the wind velocity
and the original velocity of the
plane
 Wind and Plane in Same
Direction

35 mph 350 mph

Align the vectors head to tail

and draw the resultant vector
from the tail of the first vector to
the head of the second vector
Wind and Plane in Same
Direction
v = 385 mph

35 mph 350 mph

Therefore:
v = vwind + vplane
v = 385 mph
Wind and Plane in Opposite
Directions

350 mph -35 mph

Wind and Plane in Opposite
Directions

350 mph -35 mph

Align the vectors head to tail:

-35 mph

350 mph
Wind and Plane in Opposite
Directions
v -35 mph

350 mph

Therefore:
v = vwind + vplane
v =mph)
v = (-35 315 mph
+ 350 mph
Wind and Plane in Perpendicular
Directions

350 mph

35 mph
Wind and Plane in Perpendicular
Directions

350 mph
35 mph
 Wind and Plane in Perpendicular
Directions
Align the vectors head to tail

35 mph

350 mph
 Wind and Plane in Perpendicular
Directions

v
35 mph

350 mph
Pythagorean Theorem must be used
to find the magnitude of v
Wind and Plane in Perpendicular
Directions

v
35 mph

350 mph
Therefore:
2 2 2
v = (vplane) + (vwind)
2 2 2
v = (350
v = mph) + (35 mph)
351.8 mph
 Vector Components
Part of a vector
x-component: Determines how
far horizontally the vector is
tilted
y-component: Determines how
far vertically the vector is tilted
 Vector Components

A y-component

x-component

In this case, both components

are positive
 Bell Ringer
While flying due east at 120
km/h, an airplane is also
carried northward at 45
km/h by the wind blowing
due north. What is the
plane’s resultant velocity?
 Projectile Motion
Acts only under the influence
of gravity and air resistance
AND…
Follows a curved, 2-D path
 x-component
Neglecting air resistance, the
horizontal velocity of a projectile
remains constant
 y-component
The vertical component of
the velocity of a projectile
changes due to gravity
The object accelerates
downward
The y-component acts the
same as an object in freefall
Projectile Motion
 Projectile Motion
The horizontal component of a
projectile is entirely
independent from the vertical
component of motion
Changing one does not affect
the other
 Projectile Motion
The equations of 1-D motion still apply
(dx = vxt and dy = ½ayt2)
NEVER mix x- and y-components in
the same equation
DON’T MIX
Time is the only scalar quantity in
these equations
ONLY time can be used to tie x- and
y-components together
 Projectile Motion
A ball rolls off a level table with a
speed of 2.2 m/s. The table is 1.2
meters high. How far away from
the base of the table does the ball
land?
 Practice Problem
A soccer ball is kicked
horizontally off a 22.0-meter high
hill and lands a distance of 35.0
meters from the edge of the hill.
Determine the initial horizontal
velocity of the soccer ball.
 Bell Ringer
A pool ball leaves a 0.60-meter high
table with an initial horizontal
velocity of 2.4 m/s. Predict the time
required for the pool ball to fall to
the ground and the horizontal
distance between the table's edge
and the ball's landing location.
 Bell Ringer
As a movie stunt car is driven off
a cliff which path will it follow?
 Practice Problem
Do this in your notebook.
This is not the bell ringer
A beach ball, moving with a speed of
+1.27 m/s, rolls off a pier and hits the
water 0.75 m from the end of the
pier. How high is the pier above the
water?
 Bell Ringer
If we were to find the initial
velocity of a projectile shot
from a perfectly horizontal
gun, what things would we
have to measure?
 Bell Ringer
A bullet has a speed of 350
m/sec as it leaves a rifle. If it is
fired horizontally from a cliff
6.4 m above a lake, how far
does the bullet travel before
striking the water?
 Bell Ringer
Make a hypothesis about which
angle above the horizontal that
will launch a projectile the
farthest distance.
Be sure to record this.
 Bell Ringer
Answer the two questions on the
worksheet on your bell ringer paper.
PLEASE DO NOT DISCUSS YOUR
ANSWER WITH THOSE AROUND
YOU!!!!!!!!!
 Bell Ringer
Explain how you will accomplish the following with
your catapult.
Put the same amount of energy into the catapult each
time.
The ball is released from the same point for each trial.
 Projectile Motion
At the top of its path, an object
has no y-component to its
velocity, it
moves perfectly
horizontally
for an instant
 Projectile Motion
Neglecting air
resistance, the
path of a
projectile is
perfectly
symmetrical
 Projectile Motion
•With air resistance, the path of a
projectile appears squashed
 Projectile Motion
Varying the angle at which a
projectile is launched will change
its range
Range: The horizontal distance
achieved by a projectile
Hangtime: Total elapsed time
during flight of the projectile
 Projectile Motion
Launch angle >45o  Height
outweighs range
Launch angle <45o  Range
outweighs height
A projectile will reach the same
range when launched at angles
which add to 90o (complementary
angles)
 Projectile Motion
Maximum range is achieved at
some middle angle
45o is its own compliment,
therefore projectiles launched
at this angle achieve maximum
range
Note: This is only true when air
resistance is neglected
Projectile Motion
Satellites
Satellites
Satellites
 Satellites
Fast moving projectiles
The path of a projectile is curved,
and so is the surface of the Earth
If thrown at the right speed, the
curvature of the trajectory of the
object would match the curvature
of the Earth
 Satellites
A satellite is simply a projectile
traveling fast enough to fall around
the Earth, rather than into it
The speed needed to achieve
orbit is 8 km/s or 18,000 mph
With air resistance, ordinary
objects would burn up at such
great speeds
 Test Topics
Adding Vectors

Topics on the Conceptual Review

Horizontal Projectile Motion Problems

Projectile Motion Lab

Anything else talked about after our last test

Chapter 3 in your text