Well Logging-

An Introduction...

Dr . Bijaya K. Behera
Professor
School of Petroleum Technology

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 Frequently asked questions

I. Why do you drill a well?

II. How do you know the presence of oil & gas in a well?

III. What kind of well logs do you refer to?

IV. What is log?

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 Types of Well Logs

A. Mud log

B. Wire line log

C. LWD (Logging While Drilling) log

D. Borehole Seismic

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 A. Mud Log

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 Usefulness of Mud in drilling

 Cool, lubricate, and support the bit and drilling assembly

 Remove cuttings from well

 Control formation pressures

 Maintain wellbore stability

 Minimizing formation damage

 Control corrosion (in acceptable level)

 Minimize impact on environment

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 How a Mud Log looks like?

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 How a Mud Log looks like?

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 B. Wire line Log

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What are Wireline logs?

Logs obtained through tools

run on an open-hole or
cased wellbore using an
electric wireline logging
truck.

Schlumberger (1989)
Wireline Logs

 Continuous record;

Depth (m)
relatively inexpensive

 Used for:
 Formation tops (depths)
 Thickness of formations
 Lithology
 Porosity
 Type(s) of fluid(s)
 Structures (bedding,
fractures)
 Hole conditions
 Etc.
Parts of a log: The header

Identifies critical information

such as:
1. Logging company name
2. Operating company name
3. Well name / location
4. Log type presented
5. Other logs run
6. Equipment info
7. Personnel info
8. Remarks
9. Scales, legend (curve types)
Common Types of Wireline Logs

• Caliper Logs: Hole quality

indicator; Borehole breakout
analysis; Cement volume analysis

• Gamma-ray: Lithology indicator

(high GR for clays).

• Spontaneous Potential (SP):

Lithology indicator (sensitive to
salinity and relative permeability
across bed boundaries).

Schlumberger (1989)
Gamma Ray (GR) Relative Intensity

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 Spontaneous Potential (SP) Log

Shale Base Line

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Common Types of Wireline Logs

• Resistivity/Conductivity: Fluid
saturations.
• Sonic: Porosity, seismic
correlation, mechanical properties.
• Photoelectric Factor (PE):
Lithology indicator.
• Bulk Density: Porosity, gas
detection.
• Neutron Porosity: Porosity, gas
detection.
• Borehole Image Logs: Identify
the presence, characteristics and
orientation of bedding or fracture
planes. Schlumberger (1989)
 Formation Micro Resistivity Log
(Borehole Image Log)

16 FMI Image with Elan Volume: Scale=1:20; First Image is shown without dips to
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visualise the bedding planes that have been picked on the second image.
 Well Composite

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18 KG#21: 2,APRIL, 2009
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 C. LWD Log

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 LWD Log

 What is LWD log?

 How it is different from Wire line log?

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 Thank you

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