Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : K. Sujatha
Designation : Sr. Lecturer in Civil Engineering
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institution : AANM & VVRSR Polytechnic,
Gudlavalleru
Semester : VI SEM
subject : ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING II
Subject code : C 605
Topic : Sewerage systems and Appurtenances
Duration : 50 minutes
Sub topic : Construction, function and location of
different sewer appurtenances
Teaching Aids : Diagrams 9C 605.16 1
Revised by : G.Appa Rao
 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period you would be able to :

Describe location, function and construction of

1. Street inlets

2. Catch basins

3. Flushing tanks

4. Inverted syphon

9C 605.16 2
 RECAP
1. What is a manhole ?
• It is a masonry or R.C.C. chamber constructed on sewer
lines to provide access for inspection, cleaning and
maintenance of sewers

• An ordinary manhole consists of manhole cover & rungs,

access shaft and working chamber

• A drop manhole is constructed when a branch sewer at a

higher level is to be connected to main a sewer at a lower
level
9C 605.16 3
 Street Inlets
An inlet is an opening through which storm water from
roads and foot paths is to be collected and conveyed to
a sewer
Location
1. They are located at road side at an interval of 30 to
60m
2. There should be sufficient number of inlets to
collect storm water efficiently
Types of inlets
i) Vertical inlet or Kerb inlet
ii) Horizontal inlet or gutter inlet
9C 605.16 4
 Vertical Inlet
Foot path
Road

• The grating is placed

vertically in the kerb

Grating Concrete
Box
• The chamber is provided

below the footpath

• This is also known as kerb

inlet Fig.1

9C 605.16
Fig.1 Kerb inlet 5
 Cover with
Horizontal Inlet Grating
Road
• These are the inlets Concrete
Chamber
provided at the road
side
• This is also known as
Gutter inlet
• Grating is fixed
horizontally
• Grating of smaller
openings capable of
carrying heavy loads
are to be provided Fig.2 Gutter inlet
9C 605.16 6
 Catch basin
• It is similar to the Grating

horizontal inlet with an

extra provision of a
basin to allow Baffles
To Sewer
settlement of grit, sand
and debris
• Thus it prevents entry of
those matters in to the
Trap
sewer
• They require periodical Grit Sand Deposit Concrete Bed
cleaning 9C 605.16 7
Fig.3 Catch basin
Situations in which catch basins are used

• When sewers are laid at a flat gradient which can

not develop self cleaning velocity, to collect the

solids present in the sewage so as to avoid settling

of solids in sewers

• When a sewer passes through areas where lot of

debris is likely to get into it as from a market place

9C 605.16 8
 Flushing tank
Water supply at Regulated Rate

Over Flow Pipe

Bell

To Sewer
Sniff Hole
Syphone Pipe

Fig.4 Flushing tank

9C 605.16 9
 Flushing tank contd..
• It is a device which holds and then quickly releases
sufficient quantity of water periodically into a sewer
• Thus, it prevents the chances for clogging the sewer
• It consists of concrete chamber fitted with U- tube
acting as a syphon and a bell with sniff hole
• As the water raises in the tank the air entrapped in
the bell gets compressed
• When the water level reaches FRL, syphonic action
starts automatically and water is quickly released
• When the water level falls and sniff hole is exposed,
syphonic action is stopped
9C 605.16 10
Manually Operated Flushing Tank

9C 605.16 11
 INVERTED SYPHON

• An inverted syphon is a portion of sewer constructed

lower than the adjacent stretch, to pass beneath a
water course, railway track or any other obstruction

• As its crown is depressed below the HGL, it runs

under pressure i.e. at pressure above atmospheric
pressure

• IS : 4111(part 3) – 1985 deals with Inverted syphons

9C 605.16 12
 INVERTED SYPHON
Canal

Outlet Manhole
Intlet Manhole

Inlet
Sewer
Inlet Penstock Outlet
Sewer
Section

C.I. pipes

9C 605.16 13
 INVERTED SYPHON contd..

• For trouble free working of an inverted syphon, as high a

velocity as possible should be maintained in its pipes

• Preferably a self cleaning velocity not less than 1 m/sec

is to be maintained to avoid deposition of solids

9C 605.16 14
 ARRANGEMENT OF PIPES IN INVERTED
SYPHON

• For a separate sewerage system carrying DWF only,

two pipes may be used

• One pipe will carry the minimum DWF at good

velocity

• The second pipe will carry the difference between the

maximum and minimum DWF

9C 605.16 15
 ARRANGEMENT OF PIPES IN INVERTED
SYPHON contd..

• For a partially separate or combined system, three

pipes may be used

• Out of which two pipes are intended for the purpose

mentioned earlier

• The third pipe will carry storm water

9C 605.16 16
 INVERTED SYPHON contd..

• The outlet chamber is so arranged that all the pipes

merge into a single channel

• Hatch boxes of suitable size are provided in

manholes so as to give access into the pipes for
rodding

• Proper bypass arrangements should be provided

from the inlet chamber to discharge the sewage into
a nearby stream in case of breakdowns
9C 605.16 17
 SUMMARY
Street Inlet :

• It is an opening through which storm water from roads

and foot paths are to be collected and conveyed to a
sewer

Catch Basin :

• It is similar to the horizontal inlet with an extra

provision of a basin to allow settlement of grit, sand
and debris
9C 605.16 18
 SUMMARY contd..

Flushing tank :

• It is a device which holds and then quickly releases

sufficient quantity of water periodically into a sewer

Inverted syphon :

• It is a depressed sewer constructed to pass a water

course, railway track etc.

9C 605.16 19
 QUIZ
1. An automatic flushing tank works on the
principle of

a) Siphon

b) Capillary

c) Surface tension

d) None of the above

9C 605.16 20
2. A chamber in which water is stored and
discharged into a sewer at intervals for
flushing is

a) Inlet

b) Manhole

c) Flushing tank

d) None of the above

9C 605.16 21
3. An appurtenance constructed to carry
sewage water under a stream is called

a) Inlet

b) Manhole

c) Inverted syphon

d) Grit chamber

9C 605.16 22
 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is the necessity of an inlet in sewerage system ?

2. Draw the sketches of kerb inlet and gutter inlet and
state their purposes
3. Explain the construction of a catch basin with the help
of a sketch
4. Explain the construction and working of a flushing tank
with the aid of a sketch
5. Briefly explain the construction of an inverted syphon

9C 605.16 23