MATRIX STRUCTURAL

ANALYSIS
BEAMS
OUTLINE:

1. Analytical Model
2. Member Stiffness Relations
3. Member Fixed-End Forces Due to Loads
4. Structure Stiffness Relations
5. Structure Fixed-Joint Forces and Equivalent Joint Loads
6. Procedure for Analysis
Summary
Problems
Analytical Model

Global Coordinate System

• The global coordinate system used for the analysis of beam
s is a right-handed XYZ coordinate system, with the X axis ori
ented in the horizontal (positive to the right) direction, and
coinciding with the centroidal axis of the beam in the unde
formed state. The Y axis is oriented in the vertical (positive u
pward) direction, with all the external loads and reactions o
f the beam lying in the XY plane.
Analytical Model

Local Coordinate System

• The origin of the local xyz coordinate system for a member i
s located at the left end (beginning) of the member in its un
deformed state, with the x axis directed along its centroidal
axis in the undeformed state, and the y axis oriented in the
vertical (positive upward) direction. The global coordinate s
ystem used for the analysis of beams is a right-handed XYZ
coordinate system, with the X axis oriented in the horizontal
(positive to the right) direction, and coinciding with the cen
troidal axis of the beam in the undeformed state. The Y axis
is oriented in the vertical (positive upward) direction, with all
the external loads and reactions of the beam lying in the XY
plane.
Analytical Model

Global and Local Coordinate System

Analytical Model

Degrees of Freedom
Analytical Model

Structure Coordinates
Analytical Model

Joint Load and Reaction Vectors

Analytical Model
INDIVIDUAL WORK
Identify by numbers the degrees of freedom and restrained
coordinates of the continuous beam with a cantilever
overhang shown. Also, form the beam’s joint load P and
Reaction vector R and show the Local and Global
Coordinate system.
Member Stiffness Relations
Member Stiffness Relations
Member Stiffness Relations
Member Stiffness Relations
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q

Q Q
Q Q
Q Q
Q Q

Q = ku + Qf
Member Stiffness Relations

Member Stiffness Matrix, k (see Derivation of Member Stiffness

Matrix, pg 189)

E
k
Member Stiffness Relations
INDIVIDUAL WORK!
E
k
EXERCISE
Determine the stiffness matrices for the members
of the beam shown.
Member Fixed-End Forces
Due to Loads
 Member Fixed-End Force
Vector, Qf
• In accordance with the sign convention adopted, the fixed
-end shears are considered positive when upward (i.e., in th
e positive direction of the local y axis); the fixed-end mome
nts are considered positive when counterclockwise. For exa
mple, the fixed-end force vector for the beam member sho
wn in Fig. 5.8(b) is given by

Q
Q
Q
Q Q
Q
Structure Stiffness Relations
Assembly of the Structure Stiffness Matrix Using
Member Code Numbers
•The same process as plane trusses

Procedure for Analysis

•The same process as plane trusses
 E
k

Determine Member Fixed-End Force Vector, Qf and the

structure stiffness matrix for the three-span continuous
beam shown.

EI = CONSTANT
Fixed-end Force
Expressions for Loading
Type 3
Determine Member Fixed-End Force Vector, Qf of the
continuous beam shown.
Structure Stiffness Relations

The procedure for establishing the structure stiffness

relations for beams is essentially the same as that for plane
trusses. The procedure, called the direct stiffness method,
involves:
(a)expressing the joint loads P in terms of the member end
forces by applying the joint equilibrium equations;
(b)relating the joint displacements d to the member end
displacements u by using the compatibility conditions that
the member end displacements and rotations must be the
same as the corresponding joint displacements and
rotations; and
(c)linking the joint displacements d to the joint loads P by
means of the member force-displacement relations
Q = ku + Qf.
Structure Stiffness Relations
P P

P P

P P

P = Sd + Pf
or
S
P – Pf = Sd

P P S is the NDOF × NDOF structure stiffness

P P matrix for the beam
Pf is the NDOF × 1 structure fixed-joint f
P P orce vector
1.Analytic model
2.Number of
Degrees of
Freedom
3.Member Stiffness
Matrix, k
• Determine the joint displacements, member end for
4.Form themember
ces, and support reactions for the three-span contin
fixed end forces uous beam shown, using the matrix stiffness method.
vector, Qf
5.Assemble the
Structure
Stiffness Matrix
using Code
Numbers
6.Form the
Structure Joint
Load Vectors and
Fixed-joint Force
vector
7.P = Sd + Pf
Or P – Pf = Sd
 Assignment #3
Deadline: April 24,2017
• Determine the joint displacements, member end forces, an
d support reactions for the beam shown, using the matrix sti
ffness method.