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AN INTRODUCTION TO DRIP

IRRIGATION

Submitted to: Presented by:


Dr. jyothi prasad Rahul rana
ID 48857
CONTENTS
• INTRODUCTION
• DRIP IRRIGATION
• HOW EFFECTIVE IS DRIP IRRIGATION?
• SYSTEM COMPONENTS
• TECHNICAL ASPECTS
• DRIP IRRIGATION DESIGN
• DRIP IRRIGATION IN INDIA
• ADVANTAGES
• DISADVANTAGES
• CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

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IRRIGATION

 Irrigation is the watering of land by artificial methods.

 Irrigation is used chiefly in three types of climate.

 In desert regions (Egypt, Southwestern US)


 In regions of seasonal rainfall (Australia, India)
 In moist regions (New Zealand western
Europe)
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Why Irrigation?
Water scarcity
 The percentage of area
occupied by water compared to
land is 79%.
 The amount of fresh water is
only 4%.

Agriculture
 The backbone of our country’s
economy.
 The prime requirement of
agriculture is irrigation.
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SOURCES OF IRRIGATION

 Surface water
Such as in streams, rivers, and lakes.
Chief source of water used for irrigation.
 Ground water
Stored beneath the earth's surface in spaces
between rocks, grains of sand, and other
substances in soil.
 Other sources
Farmers use water from sewage treatment
plants.
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DRIP IRRIGATION

 Definition – Allowing water to drip slowly to


the roots of plants.

 Consideration for Drip Irrigation


Boon to scanty rainfall area.
Efficient utilization of water.
Use of agricultural chemicals can met with ease.
Increase in the production .

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HOW EFFECTIVE IS DRIP IRRIGATION?

Uncontrolled Controlled
evaporation evaporation

Dripping from pipe

Weed

Excess of wet area which leads to Limited, effective wet area with
growth of weeds no weeds
CONVENTIONAL METHOD DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
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SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A drip irrigation system has six major components:

1. Delivery system

2. Filters

3. Pressure regulators

4. Valves or gauges

5. Chemical injector
6. Controller

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SYSTEM COMPONENTS (CONTINUED…)

Pump
Check valve
Pump control valve
Screen Filter
Fertilizer
tank Sub main control
Flow meter valve
Pressure gauge Screen filter
Sub main

Lateral line

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CONNECTION OF MAIN AND SUB LINES

Double line lateral

Sub main Filter

Fertilizer Gate valve


tank

Pressure regulator Regulator Main line


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TECHNICAL ASPECTS

 Design parameters

 Area to be irrigated
 Peak water requirement
 Design of main and lateral drip lines
 Hydro geological considerations
 Horse power of pump
 Unit cost

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DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
 Amount of water to supply.
Q= Cu * A * c ...1
Q = discharge rate per plant.
Cu= consumptive use rate mm/day
A = area in square meters.
c = area of plant projected on ground.

 Spacing of emitters to maintain horizontal flow of


water.

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DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM DESIGN
(CONTINUED…)

 Uniformity of water distribution.


A flow variation of less than 10%.

 Design of lateral and main lines.


H = 5.35 *(q^1.852/D^4.871 )* L …2

Equation 2 is Hazen and William equation

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AN AUTOMATED AND CONTROLLED
DRIP IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Moisture
monitoring
Device

Command Feedback

Pumping
station

Timer

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SUCCESS OF DRIP IRRIGATION IN INDIA
 The system was introduced in the 1970s
 Standardized and popularized among farmers
during the 1980s.

 While the coverage grew from 1500 ha to


25000 ha to the present days.
 National Committee on the use of plastics in
agriculture was established in 1981.

 A labor saving up to 50 to 60%.


 30% of fertilizer saving has been achieved.
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CASE STUDY
 Creating a Slice of Heaven Amid New York City’s
tallest Skyscapers is No Easy Task
 But with the Help of Techline Dripper line, Chris
Stäger of SwissScape has Mastered it for the Past 20
Years.

Upper West Side. View from the


street. Garden is on the right with
wooden trellis.

Upper West Side

Moss in foreground irrigated


with Netafim Dripperline. 16
ADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION
 Independent of topography.

 Water utilization is optimized.

 Growth of weeds can be controlled effectively.

 Fertilizer and nitrate losses can be minimized.

 Can be automated by the use of advanced Electronics.

 Ease of quality control.

 Reduced evaporation and runoffs.


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DISADVANTAGES OF DRIP IRRIGATION
 Initial investment is high.

 Maintenance problems due to leakage and plugging.

Extra clean up cost due to drip tape disposal.

 Can not be implemented for small lands.


Multi-purpose Agriculture co-op society for Drip Irrigation

Number of divided
lands Integrated land

High operation cost Economical & Efficient

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CONCLUSION
 Most effective Irrigation system in scanty area.
 Efficient utilization of water.
 Can provide quality plants, when properly
designed.
 Growth of weeds is efficiently controlled.
 Optimized use of fertilizers and chemicals.
 Initial investment cost is high.

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REFERENCES
1. A.M.MICHAEL
Irrigation Theory And Practice

2. B.C.PUNMIA
Introductory Irrigation Engineering,
6th Edition, Standard Book House.

3. V.B.PRIYANI
The Fundamentals Principles Of Irrigation And Water Power

INTERNET REFERENCES:
 http//:www.Drip irrigation system.htm

 http//:www.Mornington Peninsula Shire.htm

 http//:www.woodycrops.org

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THANK YOU…!

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