Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Layer 3
Layer 2 ~
Layer 1
Join Leave
Layered Multicast
Receivers having more capacities join more layers
Source
For instance : MPEG
video transmission
I frame = layer 1
Router
P frame = layer 2
1Mbps
1Mbps
B frame = layer 3
=2Mbps
1Mbps
1Mbps 2Mbps
Receiver 1 Receiver 2
Video on Demand
True Video on Demand (VoD) :Each viewer
receives an individual video stream that
they have complete control over. Viewers
are allowed to start, stop, pause, rewind
and fast-forward the content.
Network Personal Video Recorders (NPVR):
Recording is performed inside the service
provider’s network
Internet Video Network
IPTV Network Architecture
Video-on-Demand Architecture
Evolution
IP Set Top Boxes (IP-STB)
Interfaces between subscriber and IPTV service
Set Top Box (STB) Data Flow
Telco IPTV Network Hierarchy
Telco IPTV Network Architecture
Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.0
Microsoft IPTV Edition 1.1
New Technologies
IPTV requires new technology in
Access networks
Compression
Middleware
Customer premises equipment (CPE)
Improved codec, access, server, & CPE technology:
MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) next generation codec
improvements
New ADSL2+, VDSL2, FTTx, DOCSIS 3.0 access
technologies
IP enabled Set top Box
Digital Right Management (DRM)
IPTV -“NO” Limitation Media
IPTV and Broadband Multimedia Services
crosses the limitations of the Cable &
Satellite medium
“PRACTICALLY NO LIMIT “ for
Television/ Video content
If the Infrastructure is updated – The
Robustness of IP is the Robustness of this
platform
Evolution: THREE stages
Standards
End-user QoE Types
❒ Streaming QoE
❍ End-user QoE affected just by voice and video impairments
• Video frame freezing
• Voice drop-outs
• Lack of lip sync between voice and video
❒ Interaction QoE
❍ End-user QoE also affected by additional interaction effort in a conversation
• “Can you repeat what you just said?”
• “This line is noisy, lets hang-up and reconnect…”
❒ QoE is measured using “Mean Opinion Score” (MOS) rankings
TREM History of the Media
Micro PC
Capturin Camera PC phon
g device e
Compressio Mediaserver
z.B. IP-fähige D-Box (with hard
n disc)
small
unit
Receive electr
Cinema Living mobile (Teleph
Working onical
r room device paper
one
place
Clock
with
Prof. J. WALTER Kurstitel: TREM Stand: März 2006 Seite 39
MPEG-
TREM The Production
Pre-production
• Planning the project
• Gathering information and producing
rough material
Production
• Capturing
• Creating animations, titel, metadata
Post • Assembling – Cutting – finishing
Production
• Final test
• Publish and distribute
software
N-D-P are implemented in
hardware
The seven layers ………….
Network layer
Concatenate logically a set of links to form an
end-to-end link.
Compute a route
Segmentation and reassembly
Unique network-wide addresses – IP addresses
The beauty of IP is that we can layer it over
any data link layer technology
type-of-service in the IP
The seven layers ………….
Transport layer
Create the abstraction of an error-
controlled, and flow-controlled, end-to-
end link
Multiplex multiple applications to the
same end-to-end connection
Port number
The seven layers ………….
Best-effort network layer
- drops packets
- delays packets
- reorders packets
- corrupts packet contents
Many applications want reliable
transport
- all packets reach receiver…
- …in order they were sent
- no data corrupted
- “reliable byte stream”
Need a transport protocol, e.g.,
Internet’s Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP)