Department of Technical Education

Andhara Pradesh
Name : Ayila Subrahmanyam
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Kothagudem,
Khammam
Year/Semester : VI Semester
Subject : Environmental Engineering-II
Subject Code : C 605
Topic : Solid Waste Disposal
Duration : 100 mts
Sub Topic : Classification of Solid Wastes
Teaching aids : Photographs
Revised by : G.Appa Rao
9C 605.36 & 37 1
 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to

• Define Solid Wastes

• Give the classification of solid waste

9C 605.36 & 37 2
 INTRODUCTION

• What is a waste ?

• What is Solid waste ?

• Give some examples to Solid Wastes

• Can you classify the Solid wastes ?

• Name some sources of Solid Wastes

• What are the problems due to Solid Wastes ?

9C 605.36 & 37 3
 WASTES

• The materials that are not needed and economically unusable

• They may be Gas, Liquid and Solid

• Solid waste from the community is also called refuse

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Classification of solid wastes according to origin

• Domestic or Municipal

• Hospital or Clinical

• Commercial

• Construction

• Agricultural

• Industrial

• Nuclear

9C 605.36 & 37 5
Classification according to properties

• Organic

• Inorganic

• Inert

• Toxic

• Inflammable

• Hazardous

9C 605.36 & 37 6
Kinds of solid wastes

• Garbage

• Rubbish

• Ashes

• Dead Animals

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Kinds of solid wastes contd..

• Street Sweepings

• Large Wastes

• Agricultural

• Industrial

• Hazardous

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 Contents of solid waste/refuse
The quality and quantity of (contents) solid waste depend upon
the following factors

• Geographical location

• Climatic conditions and season

• Habits and way of living of people

• Standards of living

• Nature of community (Residential,commercial etc..)

9C 605.36 & 37 9
 Refuse

Fig 1 9C 605.36 & 37 10

 Garbage

Putrescible wastes obtained from

• Growing,

• Handling,

• Preparation,

• Cooking and

• Consumption

of food

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 Garbage contd..

• It is obtained from kitchens of houses, hotels &

restaurants, slaughter house and food markets
• It attracts, breeds Flies, Insects, Rats, Dogs, Pigs etc.
• It decomposes quickly and produce unpleasant odours
• If properly composted and processed ,valuable products
like grease, hog food and fertilizer may be produced from
garbage

9C 605.36 & 37 12
 Rubbish
• It includes all non - putrescible wastes except ashes

• Consists both combustible and non combustible substances

• Combustible wastes : Paper, cardboard, textile,

plastics, rubber, wood, garden trimmings

• Non combustible wastes: Glass, crockery, metal and

construction wastes etc..

• It creates nuisance when scattered by wind or careless

handling

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Fig 2 RUBBISH 9C 605.36 & 37 14
 ASHES

• Ashes result from the combustion of fuels like coal, wood and

dung used in houses and in Industries

• They will not spread any disease, but may produce dust

nuisance during collection and disposal

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ASHES
Fig 3
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 DEAD ANIMALS

• They includes dead bodies of rats, cats, dogs, pigs, cows etc.

• They may be sent for local rendering plants for disposal

• Generally municipalities look after their disposal

• Their disposal may be either by deep burying or incineration

9C 605.36 & 37 17
 STREET SWEEPINGS

• They consists of materials like :

• Worn-out from street surfaces

• Leaves

• Sweepings from side walks

• Dirt and bits of waste paper

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STREET SWEEPINGS

Fig 4
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 LARGE WASTES

• These are the demolition and constructional wastes

such as :

• Roofing's

• Bricks

• Concrete and

• Fallen trees

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LARGE WASTES

Fig 6
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 AGRICULTURAL

• These wastes are due to growing and processing of crops

• They may include crop residue like husk, grass, bagasse etc

• They also include animal excreta and their food waste

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AGRICULTURAL WASTES

Fig 5

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 INDUSTRIAL WASTES

• They depend upon the material they manufacture like fibers

and wood shavings from paper mill etc..

• They produce obnoxious odors and cause severe problems to

the public health

• As far as possible Industries are insisted to have their own

solid waste handling, treatment and disposal arrangements

9C 605.36 & 37 24
 HAZARDOUS WASTES

These wastes pose a substantial danger immediately or

over a period of time to
• Human, plant or animal life
They include
• Radioactive substances
• Chemical, medical and biological substances
• Explosive and flammable substances

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SOURCES OF HAZARDOUS WASTES

They may orginate from :

• Originate from

• Laboratories

• Hospitals

• Research institutes

• Industries and

• Nuclear power plants

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 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

• Solid wastes increased tremendously during the last two

decades due to

• The ever increasing Population

• Un regulated growth of Urban areas

• Wasteful consumerism

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 SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

• General apathy for cleanliness

• Lack of infrastructural services and proper collection

• Transportation

• Technology (reusable things are being replaced by

innovative disposable things)

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 SUMMARY
• Classification of solid wastes according to origin

• Domestic or Municipal

• Hospital or Clinical

• Commercial

• Construction

• Agricultural

• Industrial

• Nuclear
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 SUMMARY Contd….

• Classification according to properties

• Organic

• Inorganic

• Inert

• Toxic

• Inflammable

• Hazardous

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 SUMMARY Contd….

• SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

• Solid wastes increased tremendously during the last two

decades due to

• The ever increasing Population

• Un regulated growth of Urban areas

• Wasteful consumerism

9C 605.36 & 37 31
 SUMMARY Contd….

• SOURCES OF SOLID WASTES

• General apathy for cleanliness

• Lack of infrastructural services and proper collection

• Transportation

• Technology (reusable things are being replaced by

innovative disposable things)

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 QUIZ

1. The solid waste from community is called

a) Sewage

b) Sullage

c) Garbage

d) Refuse

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2. Putrescible waste from kitchens, hotels etc.. is called

a) Garbage

b) Ashes

c) Sewage

d) Rubbish

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3. Rubbish denotes

a) Putrescible wastes

b) Nonputrescible wastes

c) Ashes

d) Dead animals

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4. Hazardous wastes include

a) Radioactive substances

b) Explosives

c) Medical and biological wastes

d) All the above

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 FAQs

1. Give the Classification of solid wastes

2. What are the sources of Solid Wastes

9C 605.36 & 37 37