Two reasons:

1.The cost of living in Paris was

very high because of the
Universal Exposition, and

2. The gay social life of the city

hampered his literary works
especially the writing of his
second novel El Filibusterismo.
 M. H. del Pilar

 Valentin Ventura- invited Rizal to live with him in Paris without paying
any rent.
But Rizal did not accept his invitation.
 Rizal was accompanied by Jose Albert when he moved to Brussels.
They lived in a modest boarding house on 38 Rue Philippe
Champagne. Run by Suzanne and Marie. Then when Albert left the
city he was replaced by Jose Alejandro.
 In Brussels, Rizal was busy writing his second novel which was a
continuation of Noli. He was never idle even for an hour. Aside from
writing its chapter he wrote articles for La Solidaridad and letters to
his family and friends.
 Being a physician, he spent part of his time in the medical clinic. For
recreation, he had gymnastics at the gymnasium at target practice
and fencing at the armory.
 Rizal Suggested to eat Pansit
but it was over calculated so to
remedy
the error made they were
compelled to have Pansit for
lunch and
supper for two days.
1. A La Defensa (To La Defensa) - A reply to an anti-Filipino writing of a
Spanish author Paticio de la Escosura.

2. La Verdad Para Todos (The Truth for All) - Rizal’s defense against the
Spanish charges that the native local officials were ignorant and depraved.

3. Vicente Barrantes' Teatro Tagalo - He exposes Barrantes’ ignorance on the

Tagalog theatrical art.
4. Una Profanacion (A Profanation) - A bitter attack against the friars for
denying Christian burial to Mariano Herbosa in Calamba because he was a
brother-in-law of Rizal.

5. Verdades Nuevas ( New Truths) - A reply to Vicente Belloc Sanchez’ letter

published in La patria. Which asserted that the granting of reforms in the
Philippines would ruin the “peaceful and maternal rule” of the friars.
6. Crueldad (Cruelty) - A brilliant defense of Blumentritt from the scurrilous
attacks of his enemies.

7. Diferencias (Differences) - A reply to a Biased article “Old Truths” which

ridiculed those Filipinos who asked for reforms.

8. Inconsequencias (Inconsequences) - A defense of Antonio Luna against the

attack of Pablo Mir Deas in the Barcelona newspaper El Pueblo Soberano.

9. Llanto y Risas (Tears and Laughter) - A denunciation of Spanish racial

prejudice against the brown Filipinos.

10. Ingratitudes (Ingratitude) - A reply to Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler who,

while visiting Calamba, told the people that they “ should not allow
themselves to be deceived by the vain promises of their ungrateful sons.
 Rizal loved his own language inspite of his knowlegde of foreign laguages.
 First to advocate the Filipinization of its orthography
Example: K and W should be used instead of C and O
Salaco Salakot Arao Araw

 September 1886, in Leipzig, Rizal adopted the Filipinized Tagalog

Orthography in his Tagalog translations of Schiller’s Wilhelm tell and
Andersen’s Fairy Tales
 "Sobre la Nueva Ortografia de la Lengua Tagala" (The new Orthography of
the Tagalog Language) was published in La Solidaridad. in which he laid
down the rules of the new Tagalog orthography and with modesty and
sincerity, he gave the credit for the adoption of this new orthography to Dr.
Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera.
 In Brussels, Rizal received news from Juan Luna, and Valentin Ventura
that the
Filipino in Spain were destroying the good name of their nation by
gambling too much. These two compatriots in Paris urged him to do
something about it.
 Accordingly, Rizal wrote too M.H Del Pilar on May28, 1890 to remind
the Filipinos in Madrid that they did not come to Europe to gamble,
but to work for their father land’s freedom.
 The gambling Filipinos in Madrid were angry when they learned of
Rizal’s moralizing. Thereafter, they called Rizal“Papa” (Pope) instead
of “Pepe”.
 Letters from home which Rizal receive in Brussels, worried him. The
Calamba agrarian trouble was getting worse. The management of the
Dominican hacienda continually raised the land rents until such time
that Rizal’s father refused to pay his rent. Other tenants, inspired by
Don Francisco’s courage, also refused to pay their rents. Meanwhile,
the tenants, including the Rizal family, were persecuted and ejected
from their lands.

 The sad news from home depressed Rizal. His heart bled to know the
sorrowful plight of his parents, brother and brothers-in-law.
 In his moment of despair, Rizal had bad dreams
during the nights in Brussels when he was restless because he was
always thinking of his unhappy family in Calamba. Although he was
not superstitious, he feared that he would not live long. He was not
afraid to die, but he wanted to finish his second novel before he went
to his grave.

 This morbid presentiment of early death was divulged by him to M. h.

del Pilar in a letter from Brussels dated June 11, 1890, as follows:
 In the face of suffering which afflicted his family, Rizal decided to go
home. He could not stay in Brussels writing a book while his parents,
relatives, and friends in distant Philippines were in despair.

Hearing that Graciano Lopez Jaena was planning to go to Cuba, he wrote

to Ponce on July 8, 1890, opposing Graciano’s plan of action. He said that
Graciano should not go to Cuba to die of yellow fever, instead he ought
to go the Philippines to allow himself to be killed in defense of his
ideals.

Adding, Rizal said: “We have only once to die, and if we do not die well,
we lose an opportunity which will not again be presented to us”.

*All his friends – were horrified of Rizal’s plan

 Rizal did not heed the dire warnings of his
friends. No threat of danger could change
his plan.

 Something, however, happen that suddenly

made him change his mind. It was a letter
from Paciano which related that the loss
the case against the Dominicans in Manila,
but they appealed it to the Supreme Court
in Spain. Rizal wrote to M.H. Del Pilar on
June 20, 1890, retaining the latter’s
services as lawyer. He was going to
Madrid in order to supervise the handling
of the case.
 It was against a background of mental anguish in Brussels, during
those sad days when he was worried by family disasters, that he
wrote his pathetic poem, A Mi. . . This poem lacks the exquisiteness of
"To The Flowers of Heidelberg" and is less polished than to To the
Filipino Youth, but it is passionate in feeling.
 Two things brought some measure of cheer to the despondent
Rizal as he was preparing for his trip to Madrid.
- The summertime festival of Belgium
- His romance with Suzanne Jacoby

 Like other woman, Segunda Katigbak,

Orang Valenzuela,Leonor Rivera, O-Sei-San, Gettie Becket, Consuelo
Ortiga y Rey, and the Bousted sisters – Suzanne fell in love with Rizal.
She cried when he left toward the end of July, 1890 for Madrid,
stopping for a few days in Paris.
Presented By:
Jean Carlo V. Gutierrez