Department of Technical Education

Andhra Pradesh
Name : A.S.C. Bose
Designation : Lecturer
Branch : Civil Engineering
Institute : Govt. Polytechnic, Wrangle
Year / Semester : VI Semester
Subject : Environmental Engineering II
Subject Code : C 605
Topic : Air Pollution
Duration : 50 min
Sub Topic : Air Pollution Control Methods I
Teaching Aids : PPT, Animations, Photographs
Revised by : G.Appa Rao
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 OBJECTIVES

On completion of this period, you would be able to :

• State the methods of control of air pollution

• Understand the control of air pollution by zoning

• Understand the control of air pollution by Prevention at

source

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 RECAP

In the last class, we have discussed

• The sources of air pollution

• The effects of air pollution

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 Methods of control of air pollution

• By zoning

• By prevention at source

• By installation of controlling devices and equipment

• By vegetation

• By Stacks

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 In this class, we shall discuss the following two
methods

• Air pollution control by zoning

• Air pollution control by prevention at source

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Method – 1 Control of air pollution by zoning

• The entire city or town is divided into different zones

based on severity of pollution and land use

• Industrial areas are classified into separate groups

• Zoning depends on factory size, number of workers,

quality and quantity of air pollutants released by them

• Each group is zoned, located and separated from each

other, as to avoid impact of pollution on residential areas

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Criteria for classification of Zones

• Industrial nuisance

• Traffic congestion

• Obnoxious and hazardous character of industry

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 Zoning systems

Industries are mainly classified into :

• Group – I

• Group – II

• Group – III

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 Group – I

• Cottage and small scale industries

• Manufacturing artistic and creative products

• Requiring less space

• With no or least adverse effect on environment

• Located in the city

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 Group – II

• Smaller industries

• Emissions having less effect on the environment

• Located on the fringes of towns and cities

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 Group – III

• Big industries
• Less number of unit processes
• Having less relation to the central residential areas of
cities
• Having more adverse effects on environment
• Located at a distance of 3 km or more from the residential
areas

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Method – 2 control of Air pollution at source

• This is more effective

• Avoids the capital and maintenance costs of the

controlling equipment

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 Air pollution control at source

1. By dilution – construction of high stacks to discharge

the pollutants at higher altitudes

2. Raw material substitution

3. Modification of processes

4. Proper operation and maintenance of equipments

e.g. Tuning of vehicles, change of spark plugs
5. Equipment alteration - replacement of 4 stroke
vehicles with 2 stroke vehicles

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 Change in Raw materials

• Using the substitute raw materials or its structure to

reduce the emission of pollutants

• Replacing ingredients in the raw materials which are

non-essential in the process and responsible for the
emission of pollutants

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 Change in Raw materials contd..

• Example (a) The Lead free petrol in place of ordinary

petrol

(b) Use of Electricity or Methane gas to

eliminate Carbon monoxide pollution

(c) substitution by alternative fuels like LP

gas, solar and wind energy etc

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 By change in process

• A conventional process of manufacture which results in

heavy pollution of air may be replaced by a new or

modified process

• This new or modified process may emit less hazardous

pollutants or reduce the emissions to a minimum

• Recycling of pollutants to obtain useful by-products

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 Examples for change in process

• Adoption of two stage combustion for reducing the

emission of NO2

• Recycling of non-condensable gases for additional

reactions

Eg: Polymerization and alkylation of hydrocarbons

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 Examples for change in process contd..

• By reducing excess air from 15% to 1% during burning

of fossil fuels to reduce oxidation of So2 to So3

• Use of electrical furnace instead of open hearth furnace

in steel industry

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 SUMMARY
• There are five methods of control of air pollution

• In zoning method industries are classified into

Group - I,Group – II and Group – III, and permitted
to be located in certain areas only

• Control of air pollution at source can be achieved

by dilution, change of raw materials, modification of
process, equipment maintenance and modification

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 QUIZ

1) Group III in the performance method consists of

a) Smaller industries

b) Medium industries

c) Big industries

d) None of the above

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2) Group I in the performance method consists of

a) Cottage and small scale industries

b) Industries manufacturing artistic and creative products

c) Industries requiring less space

d) All the above

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3) Zoning depends on

a) Factory size

b) Number of workers

c) Quality and quantity of air pollutants released

d) All the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions

1. What is meant by zoning ?

2. List the methods of control of Air pollution ?

3. List the effects of Air pollution on human health and

vegetation ?

4. How do you prevent air pollution at source ?

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