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...Pragmatism or fundamentals?
EDWIN ZONDERVAN
TU/E
J U N E 1 4 TH U V A .
What is process design?
Assess Primitive
Problem
Detailed Design,
Equipment sizing, Cap.
Cost Estimation,
Profitability Analysis,
Optimization
Principle path:
C7H8 + H2 C6H6 + CH4
P.S. Simulators are also developed and used with the aim of
training operators.
Several procedures:
Pinch analysis
Graphical methods
Algorithmic methods (e.g. With
math. optimization)
Utilities
Maintanance
Annualized Cost
Mathematical syntax:
s.t.
c(x, d ) 0 Equality constraints: Mass & Energy balance, Equilibrium
relations, etc.
g(x, d ) 0 Inequality constraints: Operating limits
dL d dU
x X,d D Set over which the variables are defined:
Continuous or discrete
Optimization
Discrete Continuous
MINLP DFO
G-O NLP
CLP MIP
LP,QP,L surrogate SA,GA
CP
See: Biegler & Grossmann (2004)
Grossmann & Biegler (2004)
Process Design; Art or Engineering?
Applications in Chem. Eng.
Mathematical programming
Simplex method, Lagrange multiplier method, SLP, SQP,
Branch & Bound, Disjunctive programming, constraint
programming, etc.
Other
Stochastic programming, multi-objective optimization, ...
Background
Fatty acid esters of use to the food- and cosmetics industry.
Reactive
distillation
column
Objective
Develop and test a framework to identify and optimize relevant
operational and design parameters of an RD system
Metrics
Decision space
B
Objective space
A
E z2
C
D C
D
min[Z1 (x) Z 2 (x)] E
s.t.
B
c(x) 0
A
g(x) 0 z1
xL x xU
x X Schilling et al. (1983)
Process Design; Art or Engineering?
Sustainable design
Objective space
z2
C
D
A
Ideal- or utopia point z1
Environmental metrics
Decision space
Background
Crude oil will deplete, alternative feedstock required, biomass
can be a renewable resource.
Objective
Develop a process design optimization model that can assist in
selecting promising biomass conversion routes.
Sources Products
(Sinks)
Mathematical program
k
min Z k
w n f (y ,f i , ) Objective function
n
s.t.
yk 1 Logical constraints
k
h( i
k,r
, k,r
m ,
k
i
,MW ,SW k )
i i
0 Component balances
k
k
g1 (y ,f i , ) 0
k
Structural constraints
g 2 (y k ,f i , ) 0
The details of this MINLP model can be found in the proceeding, it contains
452.179 single equations and 438.693 variables (containing only 68 decision
variables) nonlinear terms can be linearized out!
Linearizations:
xy Lx z Ux
y U (1 x) z y L(1 x)
x {0,1} Glover
L min{y, y }
y Replace xy with z U max{y, y }
Non-convex/nonlinear
Convex/linear
... yF 0 ... F 0
Standard
FL F FU yFL F yFU
Superstructure: all possible topologies. Outcome will be different for each objective
Process design
...cannot be explained in a single lecture!