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1. Introduction Imogen King

2. Developing the conceptual system
3. Metaparadigm
4. Concept of Goal Attainment Theory
5. Concepts for personal systems
6. Acceptance in Nursing Community
7. Critique
8. Strengths and weakness
9. Summary
10. comparison 1 2
 Imogene King

• Born on January 30, 1923 in West Point, Iowa

• 1945 Received nursing diploma from St. John's Hospital
School of Nursing in St.Louis Missouri
• 1948 Received her BSN in nursing education from St. Louis
University
• 1957 Acquired Master's of Science in Nursing also from St.
Louis University
• 1961 Earned Doctoral of education degree from Teacher's
College, Columbia University in New York City.
• 1966-1968 Spent in the academic settings of Ohio State,
University, Loyola University, and the University of South
Florida.
• Died on December 24, 2007
King posed the following question in preparation for 1971 book.

What is the goal of nursing ?

What are the function of the nursing ?
How can nurses continue to expand their knowledge to provide
quality care?
• Personal system
o King designed an example of personal system as a patient
and nurse. King specified the concept of body image
perception, self growth and development,, space, and time.

• Interpersonal system
• Interpersonal system form when two or more individual interact
when acting as small group as interact, communicate,
transaction, role, and stress.

• Social system
• Consist of groups that make up society
• Religious,educational,and health care system are example of
social system.
is that the focus is on the person and the three interacting
systems: personal, interpersonal, and social, within their
interpersonal relationships and social context.
• The nurse and patient communicate information, set goals together, and
then take action to achieve those goals.

• An interpersonal relationship that allows a person to grow and develop

in order to attain certain life goals.
Factors that affect the attainment of goals
 Roles
 Stress
 Space
 Time
 A Human Being/person .

• Are open systems constantly interacting with their environment

• Consists of three systems which include
• Individual Personal System
• Groups Interpersonal System
• Society Social System
• Have the ability to perceive, think, feel, choose, set goals, select ways
to achieve goals, and make decisions

• Requires three basic needs

• The need for health information that can be used when needed
• The need for care to prevent illness
• The need for care when a person is unable to help themselves
• Is consistently changing

• Is the background for human interaction

• Involves two types of environment

• Internal Environment: Transforms energy to allow the person
to adjust to the continuous external environment changes

• External Environment: Includes formal and informal

organizations with the nurse being part of the patient's
environment
According to Imogene King, health involves
dynamic life experiences of a human being,
which implies continuous adjustment to stressors
in the internal and external environment through
optimum use of one's resource to achieve
maximum potential for daily living.
"Nursing for Imogene King is an act where the nurse interacts and
communicates with the patient.

The nurse helps the patient identify the existing health condition,
exploring and agreeing on activities to promote health.

The goal of the nurse in Imogene King's theory is to help the

patient maintain health through health promotion and
maintenance, restoration, and caring for the sick and dying."
In 1980 Brow and Lee reported
that king concept were useful in
developing a framework for use
in nursing education, nursing
practice and for general
hypothesis for research.
Professionals in most nursing specialty areas have used
the concept of king (1981) theory of goal attainment in
nursing practice.
King in (1984) proposed that nurses who have knowledge
of the concept of the theory of goal attainment are able to
perceive that what is happening to patient and family
members and able to suggest approach for coping with
the situations.
King`s conceptual model provide a systemic means of viewing
the nursing profession ,organizing body of knowledge for
nursing.

Kings conceptual model and theory have nursing education

application internationally described by Rook (1995)
 Researcher have developed many middle range theory using kings
conceptual model

 These theories include:

Theory of family, children and chronic illness Frey (1995)
Killeen's theory of patient satisfaction with professional
nursing care(2007)

 Langford (2008) incorporated the concept of transaction in research

with nurse practitioner and weight loss obese adolescence.
 Clarity:
A major strong point of king`s conceptual system and theory is
the ease with which it can be understood by nurses.

 Simplicity:
King`s definitions are clear and are conceptually derived from
research literature.

 Generality:
King`s (1981) theory of goal attainment has been criticized for
having limited application in area of nursing in which patients
are unable to interact competently with nurse.
 Accessibility:
King gathered empirical data on nurse-patient interaction that
led to goal attainment.

 Importance:
King`s (1981) middle range theory of goal attainment focused
on all aspect of nursing
process:assessment,planning,implementation,and
evaluation
 king`s theory of goal attainment is relatively simple
 King`s theory describes a logical sequence of events, and
the concepts are clearly defined.

 Weakness is the efforts required of the repeated definition

to find the basic concept.
 Lack of development of application of the theory in
providing nursing care to group, families or communities
 Imogene King contribute to the advance of nursing knowledge
through the development of her conceptual system and
middle range theory of goal attainment.
 By focusing on attainment of goals, or outcomes, by nurse-
patient partnership, King provided a conceptual system and
middle range theory that has demonstrated its usefulness with
nurses.
 Nurses working in a variety of setting with patients from
around the world continue to use King`s conceptual system to
improve the quality of patient care.
 The conceptual system consist of three
system;personal,interpersonal,and social, all of which are in
continuous exchange with their environments.
 NEUMAN MODEL IMOGEN KING
1. Neuman was born in 1924 1. King was born in 1923
2. Master degree in mental 2. Master degree in nursing
health science
3. Model focus on the client 3. Focusing on goal attainment
as a system and client or outcomes by nurse patient
response to stress relationship
4. Nursing is concerned with 4. Nursing is an observable
whole system behavior within health care
system
5. Health is dynamic in 5. Health is dynamic in nature
nature 6. Persons are spiritual have
6. Person is an open client ability through language
system recode their history
7. Environment is internal & 7. Environment is internal &
external factor external factor
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Williams, L. A. (2001). Imogene King’s interacting systems theory: Application in emergency and rural
nursing. Online Journal of Rural Nursing and Health Care, (2)1, 25, 26. Retrieved from
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Imogene King. (2011) Nursing Theory. Retrieved from http://nursing-theory.org/nursing-theorist/Imogene-

King.php

King's Theory of Goal Attainment. (2011) Nursing Theory. Retrieved from http://nursing-theory.org/theories-
and-models/king-theory-of-goal-attainment.