AUTOMATIC STAR

DELTA STARTER

Presented by:
Group no. 20
Under guidance of:
Er. I. C. Choudhury
 Contents
 Motor operating principle
 What is star-delta starting
 Star-delta starter
 Why star-delta starting is used
 Comparison between star and delta current
 Advantages and disadvantages
 Practical circuit diagram
 Components
 Contactor
 Over load relay
 Timer
 Conclusion
 References
 PREAMBLE

Motor operating principle

Faraday’s law:-
a. Whenever a conductor cuts a magnetic field
an e.m.f. is induced in it.

b. Whenever a current carrying conductor is

placed in magnetic field it experiences a
force.
What is Star-Delta starting?
The motor is connected in STAR during the starting and
when the motor is accelerated close to the 75% of the
rated speed, the motor is connected in DELTA.
Star delta starter
Why Star-Delta Starting
is used?
With the windings in a star connection rather than the
delta, the full voltage applied line to line is the same,
but the voltage across the individual motor windings is
reduced. The voltage is reduced by the inverse of the
square root of 3 or 57.7% of full voltage.

Starting Voltage Reduction =Vline /√3

Hence starting current is reduced
 Let’s consider an example :
motor: 120kW, 4 Pole, 380 Volt, Delta
connected, 3 Phase, 50 Hz.

First we will examine the normal running condition, i.e.

when the motor is connected in Delta.
Now let’s have a look what happens when the
motor is connected in STAR, i.e. in the starting
condition.
Comparision between star and
delta current
Advantages

 As calculated above, the most significant advantage is the

reduction in starting current.
 The starting current will determine to a large extent:

 the size of the cables used,

 the size of the fuses,

 as well as the transformers.

 Requiring 67% less starting current can have a

tremendous cost saving implication!

Disadvantages
 As calculated above, the disadvantage of using star delta

starting is the reduction in starting torque.

 Increased run-up time

 Practical ckt of
automatic star delta
starter
 CONTACTORS
A contactor is an electrically controlled switch

used for switching a power circuit.

It can be controlled by a circuit which has a

much lower power level than the switched circuit

The physical size of contactors ranges from a

device small enough to pick up with one hand,

to large devices approximately

a meter (yard) on a side.

 CONSTRUCTION
A contactor has three components.
1) The contact parts
2) Electromagnet
3) enclosure

The contact parts are the current carrying parts of the

contactor.
This includes power contact, auxiliary contact and contact
spring.
The electromagnet provides driving force to
close the contacts.
The coil input is either DC or AC depending on
the contactor design.

Enclosure is a frame housing the contact

and the electromagnet.
Enclosure are made of insulating
materials like Bakelite,
Nylon 6 and Thermosetting plastic to
protect and insulate the contacts.
 THERMAL OVERLOAD
RELAY
To protect the motor when motor current is
excessive, overload relay is connected in
series with the supply to the motor.

Overload relays :
• allow harmless temporary overloads
(such as motor starting) without disrupting
the circuit
• will trip and open a circuit, if current is
high enough to cause motor damage over a
period of time
• can be reset once the overload is removed
Overload relays are rated

by a trip class which

defines the length of time it

will take for the relay to

trip in an overload

condition.

 The most common trip

classes are Class 10, Class

20, and Class 30.

Overload protection can be accomplished with the use of a
bimetal overload relay. This component consists of a small heater
element wired in series with the motor and a bimetal strip that can
be used as a trip lever.
 The bimetal strip is made of two dissimilar metals bonded
together. The two metals have different thermal expansion
characteristics, so the bimetal strip bends at a given rate when
heated.

Under
Undernormal
normaloperating
operatingconditions,
conditions,
the
theheat
heatgenerated
generatedby bythe
theheater
heater
element
elementwill
willbe
beinsufficient
insufficientto
tocause
cause
the
thebimetal
bimetalstrip
stripto
tobend
bendenough
enoughto to
trip
tripthe
theoverload
overloadrelay.
relay.
As
Ascurrent
currentrises,
rises,heat
heatalso
alsorises.
rises.
The
Thehotter
hotterthe
thebimetal
bimetalstrip
strip
becomes,
becomes,the
themore
moreititbends.
bends.In
Inan
an
overload
overloadcondition,
condition,the
theheat
heat
generated
generatedfrom
fromthe
theheater
heaterwill
will
cause
causethe
thebimetal
bimetalstrip
stripto
tobend
bend
until
untilthe
themechanism
mechanismisistripped,
tripped,
stopping
stoppingthe
themotor.
motor.
ELECTRONIC STAR-DELTA
TIMER
For an automatic star-delta starter
timer is required to change the
connection from star to delta after a
specified time interval.

In case of an electronics timer we

can specify the time for which the
motor operate in star connection as
well as the transit time from star to
delta.
Functions :
When the supply voltage U is applied, the star-contact switches to on
position and the set star-time t1 begins .
 After the interval t1 has expired the star-contact switches to off-
position and the set transit-time t2 begins.
After the interval t2 has expired the contact for the delta-contactor
switches to on position.
To restart the function the supply voltage must be interrupted and re-
applied.
 conclusion
This type of starter is used upto 50 HP motors.

This method of starting of motor is simple, cheap, effective since very

less power is lost in auxiliary components

This starter is used where high starting torque is not essential

requirement
 References
Practical book on electrical engineering- by P.S. Dhogal

www.cselectrric.co.in

Theory and performance of electrical machines- by J.B.Gupta

Basic Electrical Engineering-by V.N.Mittle