Introduction to Air Transport

Characteristics/Advantages of Air Transport

• Accessibility: Improves accessibility in areas where rail or road cannot get
connected to
• Continuos Journey/Connectivity:It gives a continuos connectivity over land
and water ( no need to change the mode from road transport to water
transport) within the country/cities as well as in an intercontinental system
• Emergency use:In emergency conditions(floods…rescue operations), an
effective relief
• Demand for technical use:Increase the demand for technical skilled work
force.
• Improves tourism ,
• Engineering survey: Air service is helpful in engineering surveys like aerial
surveys, preparation of maps by aerial photography
• Time saving; Tremendous saving in travel time because of high speed of
aeroplanes
Limitations
• Heavy fund requirement
for setting up as well as during operations and maintenance
• Safety provision
is very difficult as there is no supporting system while
aircraft is in air, so the flight path and territories should have
clear demarcation or else a big safety hazard
• Highly dependent upon weather conditions
(flight delay, flight cancelled during winter)
• Highly dependent upon sophiscated machineries for
efficient operation
• and thereby huge outward flow of foreign exchange to purchase it
 Development of Air Transport
• 1903-first successful flight
• 1909-From English channel to England by pilot
Louis
• 1911- First aircraft operation in India between
Allahabad and Naini by carrying postage
• 1912- operation between Delhi and Karachi
• 1918- First international service between
France &Spain
• 1919-London Paris
• 27th July 1949 - the world’s first jet airline, the
de Havilland DH 106 Comet 1, made its first
flight
• Boeing - 80 prototype B707 , the first Boeing
manufactured by Boeing company
Devt of Air Transport-Organizations
As air transport evolved and progressed in different parts of the
world , there was a need for an organisation to sort out the
issues in international aviation
• ICAN- International commision on Air Navigation, in 1919, to
control and look after the movt of air transport vehicles
• European airlines formed IATA-International Air Traffic
Association
• By 1930, there was round the world flight
• In 1944, an international conference was held at Chicago and
ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organisation) was formed
control the overall movt of civil aviation and to have a
coordinated effort between all
 ICAO
• Set up in 1944 and later became an integral part of UN
• To develop all aspects of international civil aeronautics
• develop the principles and techniques of the
international air navigation
• Encourage aircraft design,encourage devt of airways,
airports and navigation facilities
• Promote safety of flight in international air navigation
• Ensure that the rights of contracting states are respected
and unnecessary competitions and there by huge
economic wastes are avoided
 Airport Authority of India
• 1st April,1995 by merging two agencies(NAA
&IAAI)
• Works in coordination with ICAO , controls and
manages the overall air space provided to
India
 AIRPORT CLASSIFICATION
The classification system is given by agencies.
• On the basis of distances provided for take-off
and landing on the runway strip.
CTOL CONVENTIONAL TAKE- RUN WAY LENGTH MORE
OFF AND LANDING THAN 1500 METRES
RTOL REDUCED TAKE-OFF BETWEEN 1000 AND 1500
AND LANDING METRES
STOL SHORT TAKE-OFF AND BETWEEN 500 METRES AND
LANDING 1000
VTOL VERTICAL TAKE-OFF IN TERMS OF SQUARE
AND LANDING, METRES, 25 TO 50 M2, FOR
THE OPERATION OF
HELICOPTERS