Group members:

Name: Shehbaz Ali

Reg :146A-116512
Name : Ahsan
Reg : 146A-11611
Topic : HYDRO POWER
PLANT:
 Contents.
• Introduction and Working.
• Essential elements of hydro power plant.
• Hydroelectric Power Plant
Categories
• Advantages of hydro power plant.
• Disadvantages of hydro power plant.
 INTRODUCTION
• In hydroelectric power station potential and
kinetic energy of stored water is converted into
electric energy.
• A generator shaft connected to this turbine
also rotates and hence generates electricity.
Hydel plants have an efficiency of 75%.

 The power delivered is given by the following

expression:

Power delivered = 7*H*dQ/dt Kilo watts,

Where,
H = Head in meters
dQ/dt = Rate of discharge in m3/s.
 Hydroelectric Power Generation
Efficiency
Hydroelectric power generation is by far the most
efficient method of large scale electric power
generation. Energy flows are concentrated and
can be controlled. The conversion process
captures kinetic energy and converts it directly
into electric energy. The overall efficiency can
never be 100% however since extracting 100%.
 BASIC ELEMENTS OF HYDEL POWER
PLANT
• Dam
• sluice gate
• Surge tank
• Penstock
• Spillway
• Turbine
• Powerhouse
 Dam and penstock
Dam is a barrier constructed
to hold water and increase
its level . The potential energy
of store water is used to
generate electricity.

Penstock is a pipeline that is fixed between dam

and prime mover is know as a penstock.
 Turbine and generator:
• Turbine convert hydraulic energy into
mechanical energy.

• Generator convert mechanical energy into

electric energy.
 Hydroelectric Power Plant
Categories
Depending on the capacity, hydro power plants are divided into
the following categories.

.
 Sizes of Hydroelectric Power Plants

Large Hydropower:
Although definitions vary, DOE defines large
hydropower as facilities that have a capacity of more than
30 megawatts (MW).
Small Hydropower:
Although definitions vary, DOE defines small
hydropower as projects that generate 10 MW or less of
power.
Micro Hydropower:
A micro hydropower plant has a capacity of up to 100
kilowatts. A small or micro-hydroelectric power system can
produce enough electricity for a home, farm, ranch, or
village.
 Advantages of hydropower plant:
• Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be
produced at a constant rate.
• If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be
shut, stopping electricity generation.
• The dam’s water can be used for irrigation purposes.
• No fuel required .
• Cost of electricity is constant .
• No air pollution is created .
• Long life.
 Disadvantages of hydro p-p:
• Requires large area.
• Very high capital cost or investment .
• High quality construction .
• Site specific area .
• Effect on environment .
• Safety of the dams.