THE THEORY OF

ARCHETYPAL IN
LITERATURE:
A Study Guide on the Philippine Myths:
Sandayo and Tuwaang
BACKGROUND OF THE THEORY OF
ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE

It is a type of critical theory

that interprets a text by focusing
on recurring myths and
archetypes in the narrative,
symbols, images, and character
types in a literary work.
SANDAYO (OVERVIEW)
Sandayo, of the Subanon, tells
of the story of the hero who is born
through extraordinary
circumstances as he fell out of the
hair of his mother while she was
combing it on the ninth stroke.
Thence, he leads his people in the
fight against invaders of their land
and waterways.
TUWAANG (OVERVIEW)
It is a tale of the Manuvu about a
certain wedding guest
named Tuwaang, who became the
bride’s groom.
THE GENERAL
PRECEPTS OF
ARCHETYPAL
CRITICISM
 Line/words Evidence of the
General Precept Justification
General Precept

1. Archetypal  Sandayo shows his affection  In Mindanao,

criticism agrees for Bolak Sonday by particularly in
that archetypes accepting her mama or betel- Subanon, the betel-nut
determine the form nut chew. chew is a cultural
symbol for acceptance
and function of
of love usually given by
literary works that women to their love
a text’s meaning is interest.
shaped by cultural
and psychological  Tuwaang produced his  Before weddings, it is
dowry with his mysterious a custom for men to
myths.
breath. give dowry or a part of
their wealth to the
woman whom they will
marry.
 Line/words Evidence of
General Precept Justification
the General Precept

2. Archetypal criticism  Sandayo is brought to the

proceeds from the initial center of the sun by his In the two myths, both of
assumption that every work of monsala or scarf. the main characters possess
literature can be categorized mythical means of
transportation such as the
and fitted into a large  Tuwaang rode on his scarf of Sandayo and
framework that encompasses lightning and soon reached lightning of Tuwaang.
all literature. Kawkawangan.

 Using his magic, Sandayo The two myths have

produces the dowry common motifs such as the
composed of money, gongs musical instruments for
dowry.
and jars.

 With his mysterious breath,

Tuwaang produced a gold
flute, guitar and gong.
 Line/words Evidence of
General Precept Justification
the General Precept

 Salaria combed her hair and The presence of comb is

on the ninth stroke, evident in both literary pieces
Sandayo was born. but they differ in meaning.
Wherein, the birth of Sandayo,
the comb was an instrument
 Before Tuwaang of his birth. While in
proceeded to the battle, the Tuwaang, the comb was used
bride combed his hair to express the affection of a
dearly. woman to a man.
 Line/words evidence of
General precept Justification
the general precept

3. The archetypal hero The mother of Sandayo In archetypal criticism, an

combed her hair after archetypal hero must
appears in all religions, undergo to the stages
taking a bath in the
mythologies, and epics of namely:
river and on the ninth
the world. He is an stroke, Sandayo was The archetypal hero must
expression of our personal born. have undergone mythical
and collective birth.

unconscious.

Sandayo had a battle There must be a

with Domondianay subjugation of enemies.
which lasted for two
years.
 Line/words evidence of
General precept Justification
the general precept

Sandayo lived in An archetypal hero must be

Liyasan while his in an initiation wherein he
family resides in is involved in an adventure
and he is separated from
Lumanay.
his family.

When Sandayo died, the The archetypal hero may

two ladies found out die but at the end, he
that his soul was a should be resurrected .
captive of the Amazons
of Piksiipan. The two
ladies recovered his soul
and resurrected him
 GUIDE
THE

QUESTIONS
1. Is the text’s meaning shaped by
cultural and psychological myth?

2. Are there archetypes considered

as the unknowable basic forms
personified or concretized in
recurring images, symbols and
patterns?
3. Does the literary piece focus on the
history of gods and other allusions
that involve mythology?

4. Are the symbols used in the literary

piece universal?
5. Does the archetypal hero in the
literary piece undergo archetypal
events such as mythical birth,
subjugation, initiation,
transformation and return?
REFERENCES
 Archetypal Criticism. Retrieved on October 12, 2014,
from http://www.powershow.com/view/3b0ac1-
NTNlN/Archetypal_Criticism_powerpoint_ppt_presen
tation

 Free Essays on Summary of Tuwaang attends a

Wedding. Retrieved on October 13, 2014, from
http://www.brainia.com/topics/summary-of-tuwaang-
attends-a-wedding/0

 Philippine Folk Poetry. Retrieved on October 13,

2014, from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_epic_poetry
This PowerPoint THE THEORY OF
presentation
ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE: A Study Guide on the
Philippine Myths: SANDAYO AND TUWAANG was formulated
to address the needs of the students as well as the teachers in
studying literary criticism. Furthermore, this could be a useful
guide for the Literary Criticism students for it serves as an
avenue for them to learn the theory of archetypal as well as to
facilitate in analyzing different literary pieces using this theory.
Moreover, this presentation includes a Philippine Literary myth
which will be helpful for the Filipino Students since there is a
shortage of published Philippine Literary Pieces.
This PowerPoint THE THEORY OF
presentation
ARCHETYPAL IN LITERATURE: A Study Guide on the
Philippine Myths: SANDAYO AND TUWAANG was created by
Ma. Irene Carlina Guerrero and Angel Gabriel Lerios with their
consultant Professor Jahnese Asuncion.
This presentation is one of the collection of
presentations about the different trends and theories of
Literary Criticism by the BSE Junior students of Mariano
Marcos State University – College of Teacher Education major
in English, taking up Literary Criticism subject.
ABOUT THE WRITERS

MA. IRENE CARLINA G. GUERRERO is

currently taking up the degree of Bachelor in
Secondary Education with English as her field of
specialization at the Mariano Marcos State
University – College of Teacher education (CTE),
Laoag City. At present, she is an active officer of the
Student Council and the Communication Arts Guild.

ANGEL GABRIEL C. LERIOS is currently taking

up the degree of Bachelor in Secondary Education
with English as his field of specialization at the
Mariano Marcos State University – College of
Teacher education (CTE), Laoag City. At present, he
is a consistent qualifier in the national musical
competitions .
ABOUT THE EDITOR / CONSULTANT

Jahnese Domingo-Asuncion is a professor at the

Mariano Marcos State University – College of
Teacher education (CTE), Laoag City. She finished
the degrees of Bachelor in Secondary Education,
major in English and Minor in Social Studies; and
Masters of Arts in Education, major in Language and
Literature at MMSU. She is currently enrolled in
Doctor of Philosophy in Linguistics. She teaches
Language and Literature courses in the collegiate
level. She was also involved in training Korean and
Chinese students in the English Crash Course
Program for foreign students of CTE. She is
currently the co-adviser of CTE Bulletin and the
Coordinator of Student Activities.
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