Wedges

• A simple machine used to transform an applied force

into much larger forces, directed at approximately right
angles to the applied force
• Used to give small displacements or adjustments to
heavy load
• Consider the wedge used to lift a block of weight W by
applying a force P to the wedge

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Wedges

• FBD of the block and the wedge

• Exclude the weight of the wedge since it is small

compared to weight of the block

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Belt Friction
1. A belt is a flexible power transmission device that fits securely on a set of
pulleys.
2. When this belt is attached to two or a set of pulleys, the system is called belt
drive.
3. The pulley attached to the main shaft is called driver or driving pulley and
the one attached to the secondary shaft is called follower or driven pulley.
The motion of the driving pulley is generally transferred to the driven pulley
via the friction between the belt and the pulley.
4. Larger belt tension in the direction of impending motion is called tight strand
tension or taut side tension, and smaller belt tension opposite to the
direction of impending motion of belt relative to pulley is called slack strand
tension or slack side tension

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Belt Friction

P P’ If the belt shown is about to slip to the

right relative to the drum,
Dq
P2 the friction force will be directed to the left
P1 q and the tension will
b
be larger in the right-hand portion of the
belt than the left-hand portion.
O

b Is known as the wrap angle

T1 T2

Denoting T2 as the larger tension, ms as the coefficient of

static friction, and b as the angle (in radians) subtended by the
belt, the two tensions are related by

 ms b or 2  emsb
T2 T
ln
T1 T1
Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala
Example

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

The maximum tension that can be developed In the cord

is 500N. If the pulley at A is free to rotate and the
coefficient of static friction at fixed drums B and C is μs =
0.25, determine the largest mass of cylinder that can be
lifted by the cord. Assume that the force F applied at the
end of the cord is directed vertically downward.

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Weight of W = mg causes the cord to move CCW over

the drums at B and C.
Max tension T2 in the cord occur at D where T2 = 500N
For section of the cord passing over the drum at B
180° = π rad, angle of contact between drum and cord
β = (135°/180°)π = 3/4π rad
T2  T1e m s b ;
500 N  T1e 0.253 / 4  
500 N 500 N
T1    277.4 N
e 0.253 / 4   1.80
Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala
Example

For section of the cord passing over the drum at C

W < 277.4N

T2  T1e m s b ;
277.4  We 0.253 / 4  
W  153.9 N

W 153.9 N
m  2
 15.7 kg
g 9.81m / s

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Bucket A and block C are connected by a cable that passes over drum
B. Knowing that drum B rotates slowly counter-clockwise and that the
coefficients of friction at all surfaces are µs = 0.35 and µk = 0.25,
determine the smallest combined mass ‘m’ of the bucket and its
contents for which block C will (a) remain at rest, (b) start moving up
the incline, (c) continue moving up the incline at a constant speed.

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala

Example

Dr S A Waseem, Assistant Professor, TIET Patiala