REDUCED EMISSIONS OF

OXIDES OF NITROGEN IN SHIP

ENGINES

Presented by:- VIVEK RAJU

S7 Mechanical
RIT, Kottayam
Roll No. 61
 INTRODUCTION

Oxides of nitrogen emission from ship engines are

significant on a global level. These emissions
participate in the formation of photochemical smog
and acid rain. Here we look at to some ways by
which these emissions can be reduced.
Mechanism of NOx Formation in
Diesel Engines.

At the temperature of the Burning of fuel

spray (about 2000 K to 2500 K).
Nitrogen + Oxygen  Oxides of Nitrogen

(mostly Nitric Oxide)

During expansion process and in exhaust.
Nitric Oxide  NO2 and N2O
Three Phases of Combustion

1. Evaporation and the Mixing of early

injected fuel with air.
2. Uncontrolled Combustion.
3. Controlled Combustion.
 NOx Control Measures
1. Engine Tuning.
a. Intelligent Engines.
b. Injection Timing Retard.
c. Fuel Injector Valves and Nozzles.
d. Injection Rate Shaping.
e. Compression Ratio, Injection Timing and Injection Rate.
f. Scavenge Air Temperature.
2. Water Injection, Fuel/Water Emulsion, Humidification.
3. Exhaust Gas Recirculation.
4. Selective Catalytic Reaction.
 Intelligent Engines.

Electronically controlled Camshaftless

engines allow great flexibility for
optimization of combustion process over
the full range of operating conditions.
 Injection Timing Retard

NOx formation depends on residence time.

By retarding injection timing NOx formation
is reduced.
 Fuel Injector Valves and Nozzles
Recent developments in low engine emission of
nitrogen is because of the fine tuning of the fuel
injection process.
Slow speed engines uses two or three fuel injector.
For medium speed engines the space around the
burning area are reduced.
 Injection Rate Shaping

Sequencial and pre-injection gave less

NOx emissions and fuel consumption.
Compression Ratio, Injection Timing
and Injection Rate
 Scavenge Air Temperature

Reduced Scavenged air temperature

reduces combustion temperature and thus
less NOx emission.
2. Water Injection, Fuel/Water Emulsion,
Humidification

Introduction of water into the combustion

chamber reduces combustion temperature.
Water can be injected by
Direct injection in to the Cyllinder or
By water / fuel emulsion.
 3. Exhaust Gas Re-circulation

Exhaust Gas Re-circulation lowers the

combustion temperature thus lowering
NOx emission.
 4. Selective Catalytic Reaction

It involves mixing of Ammonia with the

exhaust gas which is passed over a catalyst
where more than 90% of the NOx can be
removed.
 CONCLUSION

Most engine manufactures are now

producing standard engines. This has
been achieved by engine tuning
measures.
THANK YOU….