File Arti Kashyap, G.S.

Vasan,
By the team of:
Rahul Roy & Ravi Pandey
Organization
 So, What Is
File ▪ A file is an object on a computer that stores data,
Organization? information, settings, or commands used with a
computer program. In a graphical user interface (GUI)
such as Microsoft Windows, files display as icons that
relate to the program that opens the file.

▪ The term file organization refers to the way in which

data is stored in a file and, consequently, the method(s)

by which it can be accessed.

▪ A file is organized logically as in records & these records

are mapped onto disk blocks.

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 Serial

Sequential
(Indexing)

Types Of File Hash

Organization

B-Tree

Cluster

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 Serial File
• A serial file is one in which the records have been stored in
Organization
the order in which they have occurred.

• They have not been sorted into any particular order.

• A shopping list is an example of a non-computerised serial

file. Items are appended to the list when that item runs low.

• Insertion done by stacking.

• Deletion & Garbage Collection.

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Advantages & Advantages of serial file organization
Disadvantages • It is simple
• It is cheap

Disadvantages of serial file organization

• It is cumbersome to access because you have to access
all proceeding records before retrieving the one being
searched.
• Wastage of space on medium in form of inter-record gap.
It cannot support modern high speed requirements for
quick record access
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Sequential File
▪ A sequential file is one in which the records are stored
Organization

in sorted order of one or more key fields (Search Key).

▪ A class register is an example of a non-computerised

sequential file sorted on surname.

▪ Process of shifting, while inserting new items on to the

record in a disk.

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 Advantages:
Advantages &
▪ Highly efficient
Disadvantages
▪ Simple and clear strategy

▪ Low software support required

▪ Admin time is diminished due to efficacy of filing system

▪ More resourceful of storage space

Disadvantages:

▪ Difficult to adjust, amend or update

▪ Due to the nature of the format, any mistake or adjustment of order

would require all files to be rewritten post-error

▪ Can not randomly access files

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 So, now we have an idea of :
▪ what a file is,
▪ how its organized,
▪ different file organization types
▪ their advantages & disadvantages

Conclusion The type & frequency of access required determines the type of
file organization to be used for a given set of records.

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